2019年经济学人 一周要闻 鲍里斯当选英首相 鲍里斯清洗内阁 伊朗英国互扣油轮

 

The world this week

本周要闻

politics

政治

Boris Johnson took over as Britain’s prime minister from Theresa May after winning the Conservative Party’s leadership contest. Mr Johnson was the favourite from the outset and won comfortably, taking 66% of the vote from the 160,000 party members on an 87% turnout. Some wonder how long he will last. Brexit has already claimed two British prime ministers. When Parliament scrutinises his Brexit proposals Mr Johnson is likely to struggle as much as Mrs May did.

鲍里斯·约翰逊(Boris Johnson)在赢得保守党党魁选举后接替特蕾莎·梅出任英国首相。约翰逊从一开始就是最受欢迎的候选人，此番是轻松获胜，在16万名党员中获得66%的选票，投票率高达87%。有些人想知道他的路能走多久。英国脱欧已经导致两任英国首相下台。当议会审议其脱欧提议时，约翰逊很可能会像前首相梅一样无措。

Mr Johnson started naming his new ministers, aiming to move away from the pale, male and stale image of previous cabinets. Sajid Javid was appointed chancellor¹ of the exchequer², Dominic Raab took charge at the Foreign Office and Priti Patel became home secretary. There were two other themes in his picks: the new cabinet is packed with pro-Brexiteers and those who backed Mr Johnson in the leadership race.

约翰逊开始任命他的新内阁成员，旨在摆脱前任内阁苍白、男性和迂腐的形象。萨吉德·贾维德被任命为财政大臣，多米尼克·拉布负责外交部，普里蒂·帕特尔成为内政大臣。他的提名中还有另外两项主题：新内阁中都是支持脱欧的人士，以及那些在竞选中支持约翰逊的人。

The response in Europe to Mr Johnson’s victory was muted. Ursula von der Leyen, the president-elect of the European Commission, politely noted³ that he “faces challenging times”. Others were more direct. Guy Verhofstadt, who leads the liberal bloc⁴ in the European Parliament, called him “irresponsible”.

欧洲对约翰逊当选首相一事反应平淡。欧盟委员会候任主席乌苏拉·冯·德莱恩(Ursula von der Leyen)礼貌地指出，约翰逊正“面临着充满挑战的时代”。其他人则更为直接。欧洲议会自由派领导人伏思达称他“不负责任”。

In one of her first big decisions as she prepares to take over the presidency⁵ of the European Commission, Mrs von der Leyen decided⁶ to move Martin Selmayr, the eu’s most senior civil servant, to a new job running the EU’s operations in Austria. The demotion comes less than 18 months after his controversial appointment amid claims of cronyism⁷.

在准备接任欧盟委员会主席之际，乌苏拉·冯·德莱恩做出的首批重大决定之一是将欧盟最高级公务员马丁·塞尔迈尔调往负责欧盟在奥地利业务的新职位。他在被降职不到18个月前，曾因任人唯亲而备受争议。

Ukraine’s parliamentary election was won by President Volodymyr Zelensky’s new Servant of the People party, which won the first overall majority in the country since the fall of communism. Mr Zelensky, a former comedian⁸, called the snap poll after winning the presidency on an anti-corruption⁹ ticket in April.

乌克兰议会选举中，总统弗拉基米尔·泽伦斯基的新人民党(People party)成员赢得胜利，该党赢得了自共产主义垮台以来的首次全面多数席位。泽伦斯基曾是一名喜剧演员，今年4月凭借反腐口号当选总统后，他发起了这项临时投票。

Kenya’s finance minister, Henry Rotich, was arrested on corruption charges. He denies wrongdoing. The case has raised fears of political instability in Kenya as Mr Rotich is an ally of the deputy president, William Ruto, who plans to run for president in 2022. Mr Ruto’s supporters claim the police and prosecutors¹⁰ are using corruption charges to undermine his chances of winning office.

肯尼亚财政部长亨利·罗蒂奇因腐败指控被捕。他否认自己的罪行。此案引发了人们对肯尼亚政治不稳定的担忧，因为罗蒂奇是肯尼亚副总统威廉·鲁托(William Ruto)的盟友，鲁托计划在2022年竞选总统。鲁托的支持者声称，警方和检察官利用腐败指控来破坏他赢得总统的机会。

The health minister of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Oly Ilunga, resigned amid a dispute over Ebola. Mr Ilunga had resisted the introduction of an experimental vaccine¹¹ that experts believe could have helped contain the current outbreak, in which about 2,500 people have been infected.

刚果民主共和国卫生部长奥利·伊伦加因埃博拉争议辞职。伊伦加曾拒绝引入一种实验性疫苗。专家们认为，这种疫苗可能有助于控制目前的疫情。

Iran seized a British tanker¹² passing through the Strait of Hormuz, an important choke- point for international shipping¹³. The capture of the tanker came two weeks after Britain seized an Iranian tanker allegedly bound for Syria.

伊朗扣押了一艘通过霍尔木兹海峡的英国油轮。霍尔木兹海峡是国际航运的一个重要咽喉。两周前，英国扣押了一艘据称开往叙利亚的伊朗油轮。

1 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

2 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

3 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

4 bloc   

n.集团；联盟

参考例句：

• A solid bloc of union members support the decision.工会会员团结起来支持该决定。
• There have been growing tensions within the trading bloc.贸易同盟国的关系越来越紧张。

5 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

6 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

7 cronyism   

n.任人唯亲，对好朋友的偏袒

参考例句：

• Many small town mayor and city official practice cronyism.许多小镇的市长和大城市的官员都有任人唯亲的行为。
• Bringing business people into politics can also produce corruption and cronyism.商人从政也容易带来腐败和任人唯亲。

8 comedian   

n.喜剧演员；滑稽演员

参考例句：

• The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes.喜剧演员的笑话把人们逗乐了。
• The comedian enjoyed great popularity during the 30's.那位喜剧演员在三十年代非常走红。

9 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

10 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

11 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

12 tanker   

n.油轮

参考例句：

• The tanker took on 200,000 barrels of crude oil.油轮装载了二十万桶原油。
• Heavy seas had pounded the tanker into three parts.汹涌的巨浪把油轮撞成三载。

13 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。