2019年经济学人 镜头和现实(3)

镜头和现实(3)

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This moral predicament is captured in a scene in “Donbass” in which thugs tie a Ukrainian soldier to a telegraph pole and entice¹ the crowd to lynch him. “I wanted to show the mechanism² for working people into a state of ecstasy,” Mr Loznitsa says. The scene reconstructs a real video posted on YouTube, and is more effective for the absence of a narratorial voice. He could never film such an event directly, Mr Loznitsa avers³: not only would that “make you an accomplice”, the presence of a camera would “draw in the audience to participate”. Often he conveys a sense that he is telling one story among many. Elsewhere in “Donbass”, for example, a businessman whom the militia⁴ are extorting⁵ is transferred to a holding room—where he finds a legion of other detainees pleading for help on their phones. The sequence, like many in Mr Loznitsa’s films, seems at once hyperreal and mythic.

这种道德困境在《顿巴斯》的一个场景中得到了体现，暴徒把一名乌克兰士兵绑在电线杆上，引诱人群对他实施私刑。“我想展示劳动人民进入狂喜状态的机制，”洛兹尼察先生说道。这一场景重构了YouTube上的真实视频，在没有叙事性声音的情况下效果更好。洛兹尼察先生断言，他永远无法直接拍摄这样的事件：这不仅会“让你成为同谋”，摄像机的出现还会“吸引观众参与”。他常常给人一种他只是在讲一个故事的感觉。例如，在“顿巴斯”的其他地方，一名被民兵勒索的商人被转移到一间拘留室，在那里他发现一大批正通过电话寻求帮助的被拘留者。就像洛兹尼察电影中的许多场景一样，这个场景既超现实又神秘。

The interplay between audience and spectacle, and the use of news footage to validate⁶ lies, are at the heart of “The Trial”, which he made just after “Donbass”. One is a feature, the other is shaped entirely⁷ from archive material, but in their preoccupations, the films are twins. “The Trial” reconstructs a tribunal that took place in Moscow in 1930. A group of Soviet⁸ engineers and economists⁹ were accused of forming the “Industrial Party”, which in collusion with France had supposedly plotted against the Bolshevik government.

观众和场景之间的相互作用，以及利用新闻镜头来证实谎言，是他在《唐巴斯》之后制作的《审判》的核心。一部是故事片，另一部则完全由档案材料塑造而成，但就他们的关注点而言，这两部作品是孪生兄弟。《审判》再现了1930年莫斯科的一个法庭。一群苏联工程师和经济学家被指控成立了“工业党”，他们与法国勾结，密谋推翻布尔什维克政府。

In reality, like the Ukrainian “fascists”, the Industrial Party never existed; the entire case was fabricated. The trial was held—or performed—not in a court but in the House of the Unions, a grand hall used for state ceremonies, illuminated¹⁰ for the cameras and complete with a 1,000-strong audience. “The Trial” intercuts passages from the resulting propaganda film with shots of crowds demanding the death of the culprits. In this instance, says Mr Loznitsa, “Stalin was the real director of the show. I merely helped make it into a film.”

实际上，就像乌克兰的“法西斯分子”一样，工业党从未存在过；审判不是在法庭上进行的，而是在联邦议院进行的，这是一个用于举行州仪式的大厅，为摄像机照明，并有1000多名观众。《审判》在宣传片中插入了要求处死罪犯的人群的镜头。在这种情况下，洛兹尼察先生说，“斯大林才是真正的导演。我只是帮忙把它拍成电影。”

1 entice   

v.诱骗，引诱，怂恿

参考例句：

• Nothing will entice the children from television.没有任何东西能把孩子们从电视机前诱开。
• I don't see why the English should want to entice us away from our native land.我不明白，为什英国人要引诱我们离开自己的国土。

2 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

3 avers   

v.断言( aver的第三人称单数 )；证实；证明…属实；作为事实提出

参考例句：

• He avers that chaos will erupt if he loses. 他断言，如果他失败将会爆发动乱。 来自辞典例句
• He avers he will not attend the meeting. 他断言不会参加那个会议。 来自互联网

4 militia   

n.民兵，民兵组织

参考例句：

• First came the PLA men,then the people's militia.人民解放军走在前面，其次是民兵。
• There's a building guarded by the local militia at the corner of the street.街道拐角处有一幢由当地民兵团守卫的大楼。

5 extorting   

v.敲诈( extort的现在分词 )；曲解

参考例句：

• Corrupt government officials were extorting money from him. 腐败的政府官员向他敲诈钱财。 来自辞典例句
• He's been charged with extorting protection money from the shopkeepers. 他被指控对店主敲诈勒索保护费。 来自互联网

6 validate   

vt.（法律）使有效，使生效

参考例句：

• You need an official signature to validate the order.你要有正式的签字，这张汇票才能生效。
• In order to validate the agreement,both parties sign it.为使协议有效，双方在上面签了字。

7 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

8 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

9 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 illuminated   

adj.被照明的；受启迪的

参考例句：

• Floodlights illuminated the stadium. 泛光灯照亮了体育场。
• the illuminated city at night 夜幕中万家灯火的城市