2019年经济学人 一周要闻 美欧贸易摩擦加剧 瑞信爆监视高管丑闻 富国银行任命新CEO

 

The world this week

本周要闻

Business

商业

A 15-year dispute over subsidies¹ in the aerospace² industry came to a partial climax³ when the World Trade Organisation⁴ ruled that America could levy⁵ $7.5bn-worth of tariffs⁶ on exports from the European Union because of the illegal aid given to Airbus. Next year the wto will probably approve European penalties on America because of its aid to Boeing. The decision adds to already heightened trade tensions. America said it would start imposing⁷ the tariffs on October 18th, of 10% on aircraft and 25% on a range of other goods, including cheese, olives, wine and whiskey.

由于向空客提供非法援助，世界贸易组织裁定美国可对欧盟出口产品征收价值75亿美元的关税，这使得航空业长达15年的补贴争端达到了部分高潮。明年世贸组织可能会批准欧洲对美国的处罚，因为美国向波音公司提供了援助。这一决定加剧了本已紧张的贸易局势。美国表示，将从10月18日起对飞机征收10%的关税，对包括奶酪、橄榄、葡萄酒和威士忌在内的一系列其他商品征收25%的关税。

Earlier, the WTO said it now expects global trade flows to increase by just 1.2% this year, down from the 2.6% it forecast in April and the slowest pace since the financial crisis. Unresolved trade conflicts have led to greater uncertainty⁸ about policy, causing businesses to put off investment. The growth of exports and imports slowed across all regions in the first half of 2019. Meanwhile, an index of American manufacturing fell to its lowest level since June 2009.

早些时候，世贸组织表示，预计今年全球贸易流量将仅增长1.2%，低于4月份预测的2.6%，也是金融危机以来的最低增速。未解决的贸易冲突导致了政策更大的不确定性，导致企业推迟投资。2019年上半年，所有地区的进出口增长均有所放缓。与此同时，美国制造业指数跌至2009年6月以来的最低水平。

The chairman of Credit Suisse said the bank had been wrong to conduct surveillance on Iqbal Khan, a former executive, over fears he would lure⁹ away staff and clients. The bank’s chief operating officer, who admitted to acting¹⁰ alone in ordering the operation, and the head of security, resigned. A review by a law firm called in by Switzerland’s second-biggest bank cleared Tidjane Thiam, the chief executive, of any involvement. Mr Thiam had an acrimonious¹¹ relationship with Mr Khan; the pair reportedly had a blazing row at a cocktail¹² party in January.

瑞士信贷(Credit Suisse)董事长表示，该行对前高管伊克巴尔·汗(Iqbal Khan)进行监视是错误的，因为担心他会挖走员工和客户。该行的首席运营官(他承认是私自下令实施了此次行动)以及安全部门负责人辞职。瑞士第二大银行召集的一家律师事务所进行的审查表明，首席执行官迪德简·蒂亚姆(Tidjane Thiam)没有参与此事。蒂亚姆与伊克巴尔·汗的关系紧张；据报道，这对冤家曾在一月份的鸡尾酒会上大吵一架。

Wells Fargo named Charles Scharf as its new chief executive, six months after Tim Sloan resigned in the aftermath of a mis-selling scandal. Mr Scharf has led Bank of New York Mellon and Visa and was a senior executive at JPMorgan Chase during the financial crisis.

富国银行(Wells Fargo)任命查尔斯·沙夫(Charles Scharf)为新任首席执行官。6个月前，蒂姆·斯隆(Tim Sloan)因不当销售丑闻辞职。沙夫曾领导纽约梅隆银行(Bank of New York Mellon)和维萨银行（Visa），并在金融危机期间担任摩根大通(JPMorgan Chase)高管。

India’s central bankreassured the public that the banking¹³ system is “safe and stable and there is no need to panic” as another scandal emerged. Curbs¹⁴ had to be imposed on withdrawals¹⁵ by nervous savers from Punjab and Maharashtra Co-operative Bank as it came under scrutiny¹⁶ for financial irregularities. Another bank faced restrictions¹⁷ on its ability to make new loans.

随着另一起丑闻的曝光，印度央行再次向公众保证，银行系统是“安全稳定的，没有必要恐慌”。由于旁遮普邦和马哈拉施特拉邦合作银行(Maharashtra co - operation Bank)受到金融违规行为的审查，紧张不安的储户不得不限制提款。另一家银行在发放新贷款方面受到限制。

1 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 aerospace   

adj.航空的，宇宙航行的

参考例句：

• The world's entire aerospace industry is feeling the chill winds of recession.全世界的航空航天工业都感受到了经济衰退的寒意。
• Edward Murphy was an aerospace engineer for the US Army.爱德华·墨菲是一名美军的航宇工程师。

3 climax   

n.顶点；高潮；v.(使)达到顶点

参考例句：

• The fifth scene was the climax of the play.第五场是全剧的高潮。
• His quarrel with his father brought matters to a climax.他与他父亲的争吵使得事态发展到了顶点。

4 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

5 levy   

n.征收税或其他款项，征收额

参考例句：

• They levy a tax on him.他们向他征税。
• A direct food levy was imposed by the local government.地方政府征收了食品税。

6 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

7 imposing   

adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的

参考例句：

• The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
• He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

8 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

9 lure   

n.吸引人的东西，诱惑物；vt.引诱，吸引

参考例句：

• Life in big cities is a lure for many country boys.大城市的生活吸引着许多乡下小伙子。
• He couldn't resist the lure of money.他不能抵制金钱的诱惑。

10 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

11 acrimonious   

adj.严厉的，辛辣的，刻毒的

参考例句：

• He had an acrimonious quarrel with his girlfriend yesterday.昨天他跟他的女朋友激烈争吵了一番。
• His parents went through an acrimonious divorce.他的父母在激烈吵吵闹闹中离了婚。

12 cocktail   

n.鸡尾酒；餐前开胃小吃；混合物

参考例句：

• We invited some foreign friends for a cocktail party.我们邀请了一些外国朋友参加鸡尾酒会。
• At a cocktail party in Hollywood,I was introduced to Charlie Chaplin.在好莱坞的一次鸡尾酒会上，人家把我介绍给查理·卓别林。

13 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

14 curbs   

v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• In executing his functions he is not bound by any legal curbs on his power. 在他履行职务时，他的权力是不受任何法律约束的。 来自辞典例句
• Curbs on air travel were being worked out and would shortly be announced. 限制航空旅行的有关规定正在拟定中，不久即将公布。 来自辞典例句

15 withdrawals   

n.收回，取回，撤回( withdrawal的名词复数 )；撤退，撤走；收回[取回，撤回，撤退，撤走]的实例；推出（组织），提走（存款），戒除毒瘾，对说过的话收回，孤僻

参考例句：

• He has made several withdrawals from his bank account. 他从银行账户上提了几次款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• It is not the bank's policy to deduct interest on withdrawals. 提款需扣除利息这并非是本银行的政策。 来自辞典例句

16 scrutiny   

n.详细检查，仔细观察

参考例句：

• His work looks all right,but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好，但是经不起仔细检查。
• Few wives in their forties can weather such a scrutiny.很少年过四十的妻子经得起这么仔细的观察。

17 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制