2020年经济学人 气候变化:逃避(2)

Delegates in Madrid drew up guidelines for environmentally sound trading principles for this putative¹ market.

在马德里的代表们为这个假定的市场制定了无害环境的贸易原则准则。

What they did not make clear was how all this would connect with what Kyoto had already achieved.

他们没有弄清楚的是，这一切将如何与《京都议定书》已经取得的成果联系起来。

The Kyoto version of carbon markets, the Clean Development Mechanism² (CDM),

京都版本的碳市场，清洁发展机制（CDM）

let rich countries buy carbon credits from poor countries for carbon-capturing projects that offset³ their emissions⁴ at home.

让富国从穷国购买碳信用额，用于碳捕获项目，以抵消它们国内的碳排放。

Thousands of CDM projects were duly registered, but unknown numbers of credits were left unclaimed after their value crashed in 2012,

数千个CDM项目正式注册，但在2012年它们的价值暴跌后，数量不详的碳信用额无人认领，

because demand dried up as a result of rule changes within the EU.

因为欧盟内部规则改变导致需求枯竭。

Some of the main participants in the CDM, chiefly Brazil, want these credits transferred to the Paris scheme.

CDM的一些主要参与国，主要是巴西，希望将这些碳信用额转移到巴黎计划。

But doing so would flood that scheme with "hot air": credits that no longer correspond to real, future reductions in emissions.

但这么做会让那个项目充满“空话”：信用额不再与实际的未来减排相一致。

Done well, international carbon markets could accelerate emissions cuts

如果做得好，国际碳市场可以通过

by drawing in private funds and helping⁵ money to flow faster to the cheapest opportunities.

吸引私人资金和帮助资金更快地流向最廉价的机会来加速减排。

One analysis, by the Environmental Defence Fund, an advocacy group,

宣传小组，美国环保协会的一名分析师发现

found that they might, in theory, reduce the cost of meeting climate targets by between 59% and 79%, assuming most countries participated.

理论上讲，如果大部分国家参与其中，那么它们可能会将实现气候目标的成本降低59%到79%。

If financial gains were reinvested in further climate action, cumulative⁶ emissions cuts between 2020 and 2035

如果将经济获益再投资于进一步的气候行动，那么2020年到2035年间的累计减排

might be double those currently on the table in national pledges under the Paris agreement.

可能是目前各国根据《巴黎协定》所作承诺的两倍。

All this leaves a lot to do in 2020. Within the UN, technical work on carbon markets will resume in the new year, leading up to next year's meeting, in Glasgow.

所有这些都让2020年有很多事要做。在UN，碳市场的技术工作将于明年恢复，为明年在格拉斯哥举行的会议做准备。

Climate is also on the agenda at an EU-China summit scheduled for September.

气候问题也是9月份中欧峰会的议程之一。

During his presidency⁷, Barack Obama was able to work with China's president, Xi Jinping,

巴拉克·奥巴马在任期间，他可以和中国国家主席习近平合作

and break the stalemate that had previously⁸ existed between the world's two largest emitters.

打破世界上两个最大的排放国之间已存在的僵局。

With America set to pull out of the Paris agreement in November, perhaps the European Union can step into the gap.

随着美国于11月退出巴黎协议，或许欧盟可以填补这一缺口。

1 putative   

adj.假定的

参考例句：

• There have been many attempts to track down the putative Loch Ness monster.人们为追踪假定存在的尼斯湖水怪做了许多努力。
• He is the putative father of this child.他是这孩子的推定的父亲。

2 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

3 offset   

n.分支，补偿；v.抵消，补偿

参考例句：

• Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。
• He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。

4 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

5 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

6 cumulative   

adj.累积的，渐增的

参考例句：

• This drug has a cumulative effect.这种药有渐增的效力。
• The benefits from eating fish are cumulative.吃鱼的好处要长期才能显现。

7 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

8 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。