2020年经济学人 一周要闻 特朗普"幸免"弹劾 桑德斯崭露头角 英国HS2项目获批

The world this week

本周要闻

Politics

政治

A general election in Ireland produced a shock win for Sinn Fein, formerly¹ the political wing of the IRA, a terrorist group. The party took the most first-choice votes, but ended up coming second in terms of seats in the Dail (parliament). Ireland now faces weeks or months of negotiations² to produce a new government, which might bring Sinn Fein to power for the first time, as part of a coalition³.

新芬党在爱尔兰大选中取得了令人震惊的胜利，新芬党曾是爱尔兰共和军(一个恐怖组织)的政治派别。该党获得的第一选择票数最多，但最终在议会中获得了第二的席位。目前，爱尔兰正面临数周或数月的谈判，以产生一个新政府，这可能会使新芬党作为联合政府的一部分首次掌权。

Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer abruptly⁴ resigned as leader of Germany’s ruling Christian⁵ Democrats⁶, and said she will not be a candidate to succeed Angela Merkel as the country’s chancellor⁷. This followed a damaging row over the party’s conduct in the eastern state of Thuringia, where it in effect ended up working with the xenophobic Alternative for Germany.

德国执政的基督教民主联盟领导人安妮格莱特·克雷普·卡伦鲍尔突然宣布辞职，并表示她不会成为接替安格拉·默克尔成为德国总理的候选人。此前，该党在东部的图林根州(Thuringia)的行为引发了一场破坏性的纷争，该党最终与排外的德国另类选择党(Alternative for Germany)合作。

Boris Johnson, Britain’s prime minister, gave the final approval to continue HS2, a high-speed rail link between London and northern cities. The project was on hold after the costs rose above ￡100bn ($130bn). Mr Johnson also announced other ambitious transport plans outside London, such as road improvements, 4,000 zero-emission buses and “Mini Holland” schemes to promote bike lanes in town centres.

英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊最终批准继续修建连接伦敦和北部城市的HS2高铁项目。在成本超过1000亿英镑(1300亿美元)后，该项目被搁置。约翰逊还宣布了伦敦以外的其它宏大的交通计划，如道路改善、4000辆零排放公交车，以及在市中心推广自行车道的“迷你荷兰”计划。

El Salvador’s president, Nayib Bukele, brought rifle-toting troops into the country’s National Assembly to force it to approve a $109m loan to finance his crime-fighting programme. Lawmakers decried⁸ an “attempted coup”. He eventually left the building.

萨尔瓦多总统纳伊布·巴克尔(Nayib Bukele)将携带步枪的部队带进了国民议会，迫使其批准了一笔1.09亿美元的贷款，以资助其打击犯罪的计划。议员们谴责这是一场“未遂政变”。他最终离开了大楼。

Adriano da Nóbrega, the reputed head of a paramilitary group accused of killing⁹ Marielle Franco, a left-wing city councillor in Rio de Janeiro in 2018, was himself killed. Police in the north-eastern Brazilian state of Bahia say Mr da Nóbrega opened fire when they tried to arrest him and was shot dead. Opposition¹⁰ politicians speculated that he was killed to keep him quiet.

阿德里亚诺·达·诺布雷加(Adriano da Nobrega)是一个著名的准军事组织的头目，他被控于2018年在巴西里约热内卢杀害左翼城市议员马里埃尔·佛朗哥(Marielle Franco)，他本人也被枪杀。巴西东北部巴伊亚州警方称，诺布雷加在警方试图逮捕他时开枪，随后被击毙。反对派政客猜测他被杀是为了封口。

Pope Francis decided¹¹ against ordaining¹² married men in the Amazon, a region that has a shortage of Catholic priests. Rather than weakening the church’s commitment to priestly celibacy¹³, he used an “Apostolic Exhortation” to urge bishops¹⁴ to “be more generous in encouraging those who display a missionary¹⁵ vocation¹⁶ to opt¹⁷ for the Amazon region”.

教皇方济各决定不任命亚马逊地区的已婚男子为神职人员，该地区天主教神父短缺。他没有削弱教会对神职人员独身的承诺，而是使用了“使徒训诫”来敦促主教们“更加慷慨地鼓励那些表现出传教使命感的人前往亚马逊地区”。

Bernie Sanders won the New Hampshire primary, but not by much. Pete Buttigieg was a close second and Amy Klobuchar, another moderate, came third. Elizabeth Warren and Joe Biden trailed far behind. The next contest in the race for the Democratic presidential nomination¹⁸ is in Nevada on February 22nd.

伯尼·桑德斯(Bernie Sanders)在新罕布什尔州初选中获胜，但差距不大。皮特·布蒂吉格紧随其后，另一位温和派人士艾米·克洛布查尔名列第三。伊丽莎白·沃伦和乔·拜登远远落后。下一场民主党总统提名的角逐将于2月22日在内华达州举行。

With the ink barely dry on his impeachment¹⁹ acquittal in the Senate, Donald Trump²⁰ took his revenge on witnesses who had testified to the House. Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Vindman, a point man on Ukraine, was booted off the National Security Council and marched out of the White House. Gordon Sondland was dismissed as America’s ambassador to the European Union.

参议院对特朗普的弹劾作出无罪开释的判决刚落幕，特朗普就对曾在众议院作证的证人进行了报复。负责乌克兰问题的中校文德曼(Alexander Vindman)被赶出国家安全委员会(National Security Council)，并被押出白宫。戈登·桑德兰被解除了美国驻欧盟大使的职务。

1 formerly   

adv.从前，以前

参考例句：

• We now enjoy these comforts of which formerly we had only heard.我们现在享受到了过去只是听说过的那些舒适条件。
• This boat was formerly used on the rivers of China.这船从前航行在中国内河里。

2 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

3 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

4 abruptly   

adv.突然地，出其不意地

参考例句：

• He gestured abruptly for Virginia to get in the car.他粗鲁地示意弗吉尼亚上车。
• I was abruptly notified that a half-hour speech was expected of me.我突然被通知要讲半个小时的话。

5 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

6 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

8 decried   

v.公开反对，谴责( decry的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The measures were decried as useless. 这些措施受到指责，说是不起作用。
• The old poet decried the mediocrity of today's writing. 老诗人抨击了现代文体的平庸无奇。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

9 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

10 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

11 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

12 ordaining   

v.任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的现在分词 )；授予（某人）圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；判定

参考例句：

13 celibacy   

n.独身(主义)

参考例句：

• People in some religious orders take a vow of celibacy. 有些宗教修会的人发誓不结婚。
• The concept of celibacy carries connotations of asceticism and religious fervor. 修道者的独身观念含有禁欲与宗教热情之意。

14 bishops   

（基督教某些教派管辖大教区的）主教( bishop的名词复数 )； （国际象棋的）象

参考例句：

• Each player has two bishops at the start of the game. 棋赛开始时，每名棋手有两只象。
• "Only sheriffs and bishops and rich people and kings, and such like. “他劫富济贫，抢的都是郡长、主教、国王之类的富人。

15 missionary   

adj.教会的，传教(士)的；n.传教士

参考例句：

• She taught in a missionary school for a couple of years.她在一所教会学校教了两年书。
• I hope every member understands the value of missionary work. 我希望教友都了解传教工作的价值。

16 vocation   

n.职业，行业

参考例句：

• She struggled for years to find her true vocation.她多年来苦苦寻找真正适合自己的职业。
• She felt it was her vocation to minister to the sick.她觉得照料病人是她的天职。

17 opt   

vi.选择，决定做某事

参考例句：

• They opt for more holiday instead of more pay.他们选择了延长假期而不是增加工资。
• Will individual schools be given the right to opt out of the local school authority?各个学校可能有权选择退出地方教育局吗？

18 nomination   

n.提名，任命，提名权

参考例句：

• John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
• Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

19 impeachment   

n.弹劾；控告；怀疑

参考例句：

• Impeachment is considered a drastic measure in the United States.在美国，弹劾被视为一种非常激烈的措施。
• The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career.他遭弹劾后得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。

20 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。