2020年经济学人 印度契约劳工斗士斯瓦米·阿涅维什(3)

But he did not see a distinction. He had decided¹ early, under the influence of the Arya Samaj movement and the works of Gandhi and Marx, that his dharma or spiritual duty was to go among the poor, serving them. He called this “Vedic socialism”; and though completely guided by the Vedas, the most sacred texts of Hinduism, it had to involve political action.

但他看不出有什么区别。他很早就决定，在雅利安社运动以及甘地和马克思著作的影响下，他的法则或精神职责就是到穷人中间去，为他们服务。他称之为“吠陀社会主义”；尽管完全由《吠陀经》（印度教最神圣的经文）指导，它还是得必须涉及政治行动。

When followers² treated him as a monk³, bending to touch his feet in respect, he would tell them to stop; he might recite a verse from an Upanishad one moment, but the next he would be quoting, by paragraph number, an article of national law. In the late 1970s he actually became a politician in Haryana, and briefly⁴ education minister. But he fell out with the government when police fired on protesting bonded⁵ workers, and after that he was a one-man political party.

当信徒们把他当作和尚，弯下腰来尊敬地摸他的脚时，他会让他们停下来；他可以在某一时刻背诵奥义书中的一段诗，但接下来，他会根据段落编号，引用国内法的一项条款。在20世纪70年代末，他实际上成为了哈里亚纳邦的一名政治家，并短暂地担任了教育部长。但当警察向抗议的保税工人开枪时，他与政府发生了争吵，此后他成为了一个人的政党。

As such, he cast his interests wide. He took up the cause of tribal⁶ peoples without land rights and of farmers who could not get fair prices. He campaigned for better treatment of Dalits overall and pushed for laws empowering women, leading marches across India to protest against sati and female foeticide. In the villages, where he explained that God had created the Sun and Moon for men and women alike, he was feted as a celebrity⁷, garlanded with marigolds and led round on elephants.

因此，他把自己的兴趣放得很广。他为没有土地权利的部落人民和无法获得公平价格的农民进行了斗争。他为改善达利人的整体待遇而举行运动，推动法律赋予妇女权力，领导了印度各地的游行，抗议寡妇自焚和女性堕胎。在村子里，他解释说上帝为男人和女人创造了太阳和月亮，他像名人一样受到礼遇，戴着金盏花的花环，骑着大象走来走去。

1 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

2 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

3 monk   

n.和尚，僧侣，修道士

参考例句：

• The man was a monk from Emei Mountain.那人是峨眉山下来的和尚。
• Buddhist monk sat with folded palms.和尚合掌打坐。

4 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

5 bonded   

n.有担保的，保税的，粘合的

参考例句：

• The whisky was taken to bonded warehouses at Port Dundee.威士忌酒已送到邓迪港的保稅仓库。
• This adhesive must be applied to both surfaces which are to be bonded together.要粘接的两个面都必须涂上这种黏合剂。

6 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

7 celebrity   

n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望

参考例句：

• Tom found himself something of a celebrity. 汤姆意识到自己已小有名气了。
• He haunted famous men, hoping to get celebrity for himself. 他常和名人在一起, 希望借此使自己获得名气。