2020年经济学人 一周要闻 英国成首个疫苗获批国家 法国前总统逝世 拜登组建经济团队

The world this week

本周国际要闻

Politics

政治

Britain became the first country to license¹ a fully² tested vaccine³ for COVID-19. The medicines regulator gave its approval to the Pfizer/BioNTech jab following a “rolling review” process, used to assess promising⁴ vaccines⁵ during a health emergency. Data from the vaccination⁶ programme will continue to be reviewed as they become available. Priority distribution will start within a week. America is expected to approve a vaccine soon and the eu by the end of the month.

英国成为首个批准经过全面检测的一种新冠肺炎疫苗的国家。在“滚动审查”过程后，药品监管机构批准了辉瑞和BioNTech合作研发的疫苗接种，该过程用于在卫生紧急情况下评估有前景的疫苗。一旦获得疫苗接种规划的数据，将会继续进行审查。优先分配将在一周内开始。预计美国将很快批准一种疫苗，而欧盟将在本月底批准。

Boris Johnson faced his biggest backbench rebellion since becoming prime minister over the confusing rules in the new regional tier-system that replaced lockdown in England. Parliament approved the plan. Customers may order booze in pubs only if it comes with a substantial meal. A pub renamed one of its beers “Substantial Meal”.

因新地区等级制度混乱的规则（该制度取代了英格兰封锁），鲍里斯·约翰逊面临着就任首相以来最大的后座议员叛乱。议会批准了这项计划。在酒吧里，顾客只有在点餐食的时候才可以点酒。一家酒吧将其中一种啤酒改名为“大餐”。

President Emmanuel Macron of France ordered his government to redraft a proposed law that would have made it illegal in some circumstances to publish photographs of police. He did so after cctv footage of three cops beating and racially abusing a black man went viral. Such footage might have been illegal to publish under the proposed law, civil libertarians noted⁷.

法国总统马克龙命令政府重新起草一项拟议中的法律，该法律规定，在某些情况下发布警察照片是违法的。在三名警察殴打一名黑人并对其进行种族歧视的监控录像在网上疯传后，他做出了这一决定。公民自由主义者指出，根据这项拟议的法律，发布这样的视频可能是非法行为。

Tributes were paid to Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, the president of France from 1974 to 1981, who has died aged⁸ 94. Mr Giscard d’Estaing helped formalise a role for the summits of Europe’s heads of state through the European Council. In France he battled the Catholic church to liberalise abortion⁹ and divorce laws.

人们向瓦勒里·吉斯卡尔·德斯坦(Valery Giscard d 'Estaing)致敬，他于1974年至1981年期间担任法国总统，享年94岁。吉斯卡尔·德斯坦通过欧洲理事会帮助欧洲国家元首峰会的角色正式化。在法国，他与天主教会抗争，要求堕胎和离婚法的自由化。

Cuban police arrested 14 members of a dissident group called Movimiento San Isidro. They had locked themselves into the movement’s headquarters in Havana, and some went on hunger and thirst strikes, to protest against the jailing of Denis Solís, a rapper charged with disrespecting authority. After the raid hundreds of activists¹⁰ gathered at the culture ministry¹¹. In a small but rare concession¹², the vice-minister of culture met a delegation¹³ representing them.

古巴警方逮捕了一个名为“San Isidro”的持不同政见者组织的14名成员。他们把自己锁在哈瓦那的运动总部，还有一些人通过绝食的方式，抗议以不尊重权威的罪名关押说唱歌手丹尼斯·索利斯。事件发生后，数百名活动人士聚集在文化部。文化部副部长会见了一个代表团，这是一次细微却罕见的让步。

Brazil’s space agency reported that 11,000 square km (4,000 square miles) of forest were destroyed in the Amazon from August 2019 to July 2020, the most since 2008.

巴西航天局报告称，从2019年8月到2020年7月，亚马逊地区有1.1万平方公里(4000平方英里)的森林遭到破坏，是2008年以来规模最大的一次。

Ethiopian forces entered Mekelle, the capital of the northern region of Tigray, less than a month after the start of a civil war between the federal government and the regional one. Tigrayan fighters have withdrawn¹⁴ from towns in the region in order to launch a guerrilla war.

在联邦政府和地区政府之间的内战爆发不到一个月之后，埃塞俄比亚军队进入了北部提格雷地区的首府默克莱。提格雷地区的兵力已经撤出该地区的城镇，以便发动游击战。

1 license   

n.执照，许可证，特许；v.许可，特许

参考例句：

• The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
• The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。

2 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

3 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

4 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

7 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

8 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

9 abortion   

n.流产，堕胎

参考例句：

• She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
• A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。

10 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

12 concession   

n.让步，妥协；特许(权)

参考例句：

• We can not make heavy concession to the matter.我们在这个问题上不能过于让步。
• That is a great concession.这是很大的让步。

13 delegation   

n.代表团；派遣

参考例句：

• The statement of our delegation was singularly appropriate to the occasion.我们代表团的声明非常适合时宜。
• We shall inform you of the date of the delegation's arrival.我们将把代表团到达的日期通知你。

14 withdrawn   

vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出

参考例句：

• Our force has been withdrawn from the danger area.我们的军队已从危险地区撤出。
• All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries.一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。