美国国家公共电台 NPR 美国计划9月20日开打加强针

Millions of Americans have held back from a first COVID shot, and soon some will get their third.

数百万美国人尚未接种第一剂新冠肺炎疫苗，但有些人很快就将接种第三针。

U.S. health authorities plan booster shots for fully¹ vaccinated² adults starting the week of September 20.

美国卫生机计划从9月20日开始为完全接种疫苗的成年人注射加强针。

NPR's Allison Aubrey begins our coverage³. Allison, good morning.

NPR的新闻的艾莉森·奥布里将带来详细报道。艾莉森，早上好。

Good morning, Steve.

早上好，史蒂夫。

So now we get to repeat some questions from when the vaccines⁵ first appeared late last year, starting with this question. Who goes first?

现在我们要再问一下去年年底疫苗首次推出时的一些问题，我们从这个问题开始问起。谁先接种？

Well, first of all, this is all dependent on a review by the FDA and a panel of CDC advisers⁶.

首先，这完全取决于美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）和美国疾病控制与预防中心（简称CDC）顾问小组的审查。

But the plan, as you say, is that all adults who received either the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines will be eligible⁷ for a booster dose after about eight months — eight months after they received their first shot.

但正如你所说，该计划是所有接种辉瑞或莫德纳疫苗的成年人在第一针注射大约8个月后，将有资格获得增强针。

And since health care workers, people in nursing homes and long-term care facilities and older people were among the first to get vaccinated,

由于医疗工作者、疗养院和长期护理机构的人员以及老年人都是最先接种疫苗的人群，

they will be first up for boosters, too.

因此他们也将首先接种加强针。

It's anticipated the people who got the J&J shot will get boosters as well, but that is pending⁸ a review of more data.

预计接种强生疫苗的民众也会获得加强针，但这有待于对更多数据的审查。

And separately, the administration has announced a plan to require nursing homes to mandate⁹ vaccines for nursing home staff or risk losing Medicare or Medicaid funding.

另外，政府宣布了一项计划，要求养老院强制为养老院工作人员接种疫苗，否则将面临失去医疗保险或医疗补助资金的风险。

Where do people get the booster shots?

人们在哪里能接种加强针？

There's going to be a lot of options. Some people will go back to the pharmacy¹⁰ where they got their initial doses.

会有很多选择。有些人会回到他们之前接种疫苗的药房。

Some doctors' offices and clinics plan to offer the shots.

部分医生办公室和诊所计划提供接种服务。

Large health care systems tell me they've been planning for the possibility of boosters for months.

大型医疗保健系统的工作人员告诉我，几个月来，他们一直在为注射加强针的可能性进行计划。

Here's Michelle Medina of the Cleveland Clinic.

以下是克利夫兰诊所的米歇尔·梅迪娜所说。

Cleveland Clinic is planning to give out booster shots in our mass vaccination¹¹ site that just do COVID vaccine⁴ all day.

克利夫兰诊所计划在我们的大规模疫苗接种点进行加强针的注射，全天只接种新冠肺炎疫苗。

But really, when you walk into a primary care office, if you happen to be in one of our ambulatory pharmacies¹²,

但实际上，当你走进初级保健办公室，如果你碰巧在我们的一个流动药房，

we have some community sites, you're able to actually get the vaccine in all of these places.

你会发现我们有一些社区站点，你可以在所有这些地方接种疫苗。

And no matter where you are around the country, administration officials say the booster shots will be free.

政府官员表示，无论你在美国哪个地方，加强针接种都是免费的。

Allison, in a moment, we're going to talk to the director of the National Institutes of Health to get a sense of why the government is making this change now,

艾莉森，稍后我们将采访美国国立卫生研究院的院长，了解政府现在做出这一改变的原因，

but give us the top line here.

但请告诉我们最重要的原因。

What evidence persuaded the health authorities that this is the time to do this?

有什么证据让卫生部门相信现在是采取这一措施的时候了？

Sure. CDC Director Walensky pointed¹³ to several new lines of evidence that show protection begins to decrease over time among vaccinated people.

好。美国疾病预防控制与预防中心主任瓦伦斯基指出，有几项新证据表明，随着时间的推移，接种疫苗者获得的保护力开始下降。

For instance, new data from New York show that vaccine effectiveness against new infections declined from 92% in May down to about 80% in July, just as delta¹⁴ was surging.

例如，来自纽约的新数据显示，在“德尔塔”变种激增之际，针对新增感染的疫苗有效性从5月的92%下降到7月的80%左右。

And Dr. Walensky pointed to a study from the Mayo Clinic that found between January and July, there was a fairly pronounced reduction in effectiveness against infections.

瓦伦斯基博士指出，梅奥诊所的一项研究发现，1月至7月期间，抗感染的效果明显下降。

Even though our vaccines are currently working well to prevent hospitalizations,

尽管我们的疫苗目前在防止住院方面效果良好，

we are seeing concerning evidence of waning¹⁵ vaccine effectiveness over time and against the delta variant¹⁶.

但我们看到有令人担忧的证据表明，随着时间的推移，疫苗效力正在减弱，而且对“德尔塔”变种的疫苗效力也在减弱。

She says it's important to stay ahead of the virus and not wait until there is a lot of breakthrough infections leading to hospitalizations.

她表示，重要的是要领先于病毒，而不是等到出现大量突破性感染导致住院治疗。

So she says the plan is to start offering boosters as soon as September 20.

因此，她表示，计划最早在9月20日开始提供加强针。

Who's pushing back on this?

谁在反对这项计划？

You know, there is criticism that given so many people in countries around the globe remain unvaccinated,

有人批评称，全球各国仍有如此经多的没有接种疫苗，

that this just isn't fair that Americans are now going to be getting another dose.

而美国人现在又要再接种一剂疫苗，这非常不公平。

Surgeon General Vivek Murthy addressed this concern at the White House yesterday.

美国卫生部长维韦克·穆尔蒂昨天在白宫谈到了这个问题。

I do not accept the idea that we have to choose between America and the world.

我不接受我们必须在美国和世界之间做出选择的观点。

We clearly see our responsibility to both, and we believe we have to work on both fronts, as we have been.

我们清楚地看到我们对这两方面的责任，我们认为我们必须在这两个方面都努力，就像我们一直以来所做的那样。。

Administration officials say the U.S. shipped more than 100 million doses of COVID vaccines to other countries just during June and July

史蒂夫，政府官员表示，仅6月和7月，美国就向其他国家运送了1亿多剂新冠肺炎疫苗，

and say they'll continue to support efforts to boost manufacturing and distribution around the globe, Steve.

并表示他们将继续支持促进全球生产和分销的努力。

NPR's Allison Aubrey, always a pleasure hearing from you. Thanks so much.

以上是NPR新闻的艾莉森·奥布里带来的报道，很高兴听到你的报道。非常感谢。

Thanks, Steve.

谢谢你，史蒂夫。

1 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

2 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

3 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

4 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

5 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

6 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

7 eligible   

adj.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的

参考例句：

• He is an eligible young man.他是一个合格的年轻人。
• Helen married an eligible bachelor.海伦嫁给了一个中意的单身汉。

8 pending   

prep.直到，等待…期间；adj.待定的；迫近的

参考例句：

• The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
• He knew my examination was pending.他知道我就要考试了。

9 mandate   

n.托管地；命令，指示

参考例句：

• The President had a clear mandate to end the war.总统得到明确的授权结束那场战争。
• The General Election gave him no such mandate.大选并未授予他这种权力。

10 pharmacy   

n.药房，药剂学，制药业，配药业，一批备用药品

参考例句：

• She works at the pharmacy.她在药房工作。
• Modern pharmacy has solved the problem of sleeplessness.现代制药学已经解决了失眠问题。

11 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

12 pharmacies   

药店

参考例句：

• Still, 32 percent of the pharmacies filled the prescriptions. 但仍然有32%的药剂师配发了这两张药方。 来自互联网
• Chinese herbal pharmacies, and traditional massage therapists in the Vancouver telephone book. 中药店，和传统的按摩师在温哥华的电话簿里。 来自互联网

13 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

14 delta   

n.（流的）角洲

参考例句：

• He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
• The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔，形成了一个三角洲。

15 waning   

adj.（月亮）渐亏的，逐渐减弱或变小的n.月亏v.衰落( wane的现在分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡

参考例句：

• Her enthusiasm for the whole idea was waning rapidly. 她对整个想法的热情迅速冷淡了下来。
• The day is waning and the road is ending. 日暮途穷。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

16 variant   

adj.不同的，变异的；n.变体，异体

参考例句：

• We give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段，提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
• In a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种，是数据驱动的测试。