2021年经济学人 隔墙有眼--记录抗议的哀鸣(1)

Protest art

抗议艺术

Walls have eyes

隔墙有眼

An artist documents clashes between French demonstrators and police

一位艺术家记录了法国示威者和警察之间的冲突

When Itvan Kebadian spray-painted the words “abolissons la police” above a mural in Paris last year, he was thinking of George Floyd, an African- American whose death under the knee of a white policeman ignited a global movement. But cases closer to home were on his mind, too—of Adama Traore, a young black man who died in custody¹ in France, and Theo Luhaka, who was disabled during a violent arrest, as well as the clashes Mr Kebadian had himself witnessed since he began documenting police brutality² in 2016.

当伊特万·凯巴迪安去年在巴黎的一幅壁画上喷上“让我们废除警察”的字样时，他想到的是非洲裔美国人乔治·弗洛伊德——遭到白人警察跪杀的弗洛伊德曾引发了一场全球运动。但凯巴迪安同时也想到了几起本地的案件，年轻的黑人阿达玛·特拉奥雷在法国被拘留期间死亡、泰奥·卢哈卡在暴力逮捕中致残、以及他自2016年开始记录警察暴行以来曾亲眼目睹的冲突。

By then Mr Kebadian, who once liked to paint insects, had already turned to political themes. He was finishing a mural when thick black smoke began to rise from a nearby street. A police car had been set on fire; passers-by who had stopped to photograph the painter scurried³ away as officers moved to confront the culprits.

那时，曾经喜欢画昆虫的凯巴迪安先生已经转向了政治主题。他正在完成一幅壁画时，附近的一条街上开始冒起浓浓的黑烟。一辆警车被纵火焚烧；停下来给画家拍照的路人匆匆离去，警察们正准备与罪犯对质。

On impulse, Mr Kebadian painted the unfolding events in simple black lines, a sketch-like method that has become his signature style. His sharp representations of French society have appeared around the capital—and leapt from street walls to those of galleries. “His technique was far superior to that of other street artists,” says Dominique Fiat⁴, who features Mr Kebadian’s work in her gallery.

冲动之下，凯巴迪安先生用简单的黑色线条描绘了正在展开的事件，这种速写式的画法已经成为他标志性的风格。从街道墙壁跳跃到画廊的墙壁，他对法国社会的鲜明描绘出现在首都的大街小巷。多米尼克·菲亚特说，“凯巴迪安的技术远远优于其他街头艺术家，”她在自己的画廊展出了凯巴迪安的作品。

“I try to paint reality in reality,” the artist says of his murals. They record clashes between protesters and police, depicting⁵ eyes dislodged by rubber bullets, crowds dispersed⁶ by clouds of tear gas and telescopic batons⁷ breaking jaws⁹. The figures in these tableaux¹⁰ are mostly faceless, composed only of a few lines and shadows. But together they form bleak¹¹, eerie¹² scenes of chaos¹³. The results are akin⁸ to blurry¹⁴ photos taken hastily with a smartphone; screenshots in paint form, as the artist puts it.

这位艺术家谈到他的壁画时说，“我试图在现实中描绘现实。”凯巴迪安的壁画记录了抗议者和警察之间的冲突，描绘了被橡皮子弹打掉的眼睛，被催泪瓦斯驱散的人群，以及伸缩警棍打伤下巴的场景。这些绘画作品中的人物大多没有脸，只有一些线条和阴影。但它们合在一起却形成了凄凉、怪诞的混乱图像。效果类似于用智能手机匆匆拍下的模糊照片；正如凯巴迪安所说的绘画方式截屏。

Christophe Genin, a professor of art at Pantheon-Sorbonne University, links Mr Kebadian’s output to the tradition of protest art that evolved in the 20th century— from the Russian avant-garde of the 1920s to the artistic¹⁵ ferment¹⁶ in America in the 1960s and the political placards that appeared across Paris during the student uprising of May 1968. The murals, notes Mr Genin, also resemble Francisco Goya’s lamentations of war, evincing the same sense of despair as “The Third of May 1808”, in which Goya shows Napoleonic soldiers massacring Spaniards during the Peninsular war. He calls Mr Kebadian an “artivist”.

克里斯托夫·杰宁是巴黎大学的艺术教授，他将凯巴迪安的作品与20世纪演变形成的传统抗议艺术联系起来——从20世纪20年代的俄罗斯先锋派艺术到20世纪60年代美国的艺术热潮，以及1968年5月学生起义期间出现在巴黎各地的政治标语牌。杰宁教授指出，这些壁画也类似于弗朗西斯科·戈雅的战争哀歌，表现出与《1808年5月3日》相同的绝望感，戈雅在这幅画中描绘了拿破仑士兵在半岛战争期间屠杀西班牙人。杰宁教授称凯巴迪安为“艺术主义者”。

1 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

2 brutality   

n.野蛮的行为，残忍，野蛮

参考例句：

• The brutality of the crime has appalled the public. 罪行之残暴使公众大为震惊。
• a general who was infamous for his brutality 因残忍而恶名昭彰的将军

3 scurried   

v.急匆匆地走( scurry的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She said goodbye and scurried back to work. 她说声再见，然后扭头跑回去干活了。
• It began to rain and we scurried for shelter. 下起雨来，我们急忙找地方躲避。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 fiat   

n.命令，法令，批准；vt.批准，颁布

参考例句：

• The opening of a market stall is governed by municipal fiat.开设市场摊位受市政法令管制。
• He has tried to impose solutions to the country's problems by fiat.他试图下令强行解决该国的问题。

5 depicting   

描绘，描画( depict的现在分词 )； 描述

参考例句：

• a painting depicting the Virgin and Child 一幅描绘童贞马利亚和圣子耶稣的画
• The movie depicting the battles and bloodshed is bound to strike home. 这部描写战斗和流血牺牲的影片一定会取得预期效果。

6 dispersed   

adj. 被驱散的, 被分散的, 散布的

参考例句：

• The clouds dispersed themselves. 云散了。
• After school the children dispersed to their homes. 放学后，孩子们四散回家了。

7 batons   

n.（警察武器）警棍( baton的名词复数 )；（乐队指挥用的）指挥棒；接力棒

参考例句：

• There were many riot policemen with batons. 有许多带警棍的防暴警察。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Chinese police fight? Number one is a person with batons to fight! 满街飘的中国国旗，是一个老华侨在事发时那出来分给大家的，很感动，真的，从来一向多一事不如少一事的中国人今天团结到一起站出来反抗。 来自互联网

8 akin   

adj.同族的，类似的

参考例句：

• She painted flowers and birds pictures akin to those of earlier feminine painters.她画一些同早期女画家类似的花鸟画。
• Listening to his life story is akin to reading a good adventure novel.听他的人生故事犹如阅读一本精彩的冒险小说。

9 jaws   

n.口部；嘴

参考例句：

• The antelope could not escape the crocodile's gaping jaws. 那只羚羊无法从鱷鱼张开的大口中逃脱。
• The scored jaws of a vise help it bite the work. 台钳上有刻痕的虎钳牙帮助它紧咬住工件。

10 tableaux   

n.舞台造型，（由活人扮演的）静态画面、场面；人构成的画面或场景( tableau的名词复数 )；舞台造型；戏剧性的场面；绚丽的场景

参考例句：

• He developed less a coherent analysis than a series of brilliant tableaux. 与其说他作了一个前后连贯的分析，倒不如说他描绘了一系列出色的场景。 来自辞典例句
• There was every kind of table, from fantasy to tableaux of New England history. 各种各样的故事，从幻想到新英格兰的历史场面，无所不有。 来自辞典例句

11 bleak   

adj.(天气)阴冷的；凄凉的；暗淡的

参考例句：

• They showed me into a bleak waiting room.他们引我来到一间阴冷的会客室。
• The company's prospects look pretty bleak.这家公司的前景异常暗淡。

12 eerie   

adj.怪诞的；奇异的；可怕的；胆怯的

参考例句：

• It's eerie to walk through a dark wood at night.夜晚在漆黑的森林中行走很是恐怖。
• I walked down the eerie dark path.我走在那条漆黑恐怖的小路上。

13 chaos   

n.混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
• The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。

14 blurry   

adj.模糊的；污脏的，污斑的

参考例句：

• My blurry vision makes it hard to drive. 我的视力有点模糊，使得开起车来相当吃力。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The lines are pretty blurry at this point. 界线在这个时候是很模糊的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 artistic   

adj.艺术(家)的，美术(家)的；善于艺术创作的

参考例句：

• The picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。
• These artistic handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.外国朋友很喜欢这些美术工艺品。

16 ferment   

vt.使发酵；n./vt.（使）激动，（使）动乱

参考例句：

• Fruit juices ferment if they are kept a long time.果汁若是放置很久，就会发酵。
• The sixties were a time of theological ferment.六十年代是神学上骚动的时代。