2021年经济学人 一种用于飞机和导弹的新型燃料即将问世(2)

The second reason for zip fuel's abandonment was that the stuff itself proved disappointing. In jets, instead of burning completely, it produced a sticky residue¹ which clung to turbine blades. Boron additives² in rocket fuels also failed. The combustion³ process involved proved unexpectedly complex, and the promised additional energy was not forthcoming.

废弃拉链燃料的第二个原因是这种燃料本身令人失望。在喷气机中，它不会完全燃烧，而是会产生粘在涡轮叶片上的粘性残留物。火箭燃料中的硼添加剂也失败了，其中涉及的燃烧过程出乎意料地复杂，而且所承诺的额外能量并没有到来。

The navy's notice suggests, though, that boron is back. The boffins behind it think that new physical forms of the element, known as allotropes, may offer ways around both the partial-combustion and the toxicity⁴ problems. Allotropes of an element can have very different properties from each other (graphite and diamond, for example, are both allotropes of carbon). The organisers suggest a novel boron allotrope, perhaps interlaced at the molecular⁵ level with a suitable oxidising agent, might yield a completely combustible⁶, non-toxic fuel, and they are asking the country's chemists to bring them one.

然而，海军的公告表明硼又回来了。研究人员认为，这种元素的新物理形式，即同素异形体，可能会提供解决部分燃烧和毒性问题的方法。一种元素的同素异形体可能彼此具有非常不同的性质(例如，石墨和金刚石都是碳的同素异形体)。组织者认为，一种新型的硼同素异象(也许在分子水平上与合适的氧化剂交错)可以产生一种完全可燃、无毒的燃料，他们正请求英国的化学家们给他们带一个。

Whether such allotropes exist remains⁷ to be seen. But America is not the only place working on the idea of boron-powered jets and rockets. China is interested, too. A project involving gelled fuel that has particles of boron suspended in it is under way at the National University of Defence Technology, in Changsha. The objective is to develop fuel for ramjets, a type of engine that operates efficiently⁸ only above Mach 3. So far, the researchers involved have managed to produce one that is 40% boron and yet burns more or less completely. One way or another, then, it looks plausible⁹ that boron-based fuels may get the green light.

这种同素异形体是否存在还有待观察。但美国并不是唯一一个致力于硼动力喷气机和火箭的地方，中国也颇感兴趣。位于长沙的国防科技大学正在进行一个涉及悬浮硼颗粒的胶凝燃料的项目，目的是为冲压式喷气发动机(效率仅高于3马赫)开发燃料。到目前为止，参与研究的研究人员已经成功制造出了一种含有40%硼且几乎可完全燃烧的燃料。无论如何，以硼为基础的燃料可能会获得批准。

1 residue   

n.残余，剩余，残渣

参考例句：

• Mary scraped the residue of food from the plates before putting them under water.玛丽在把盘子放入水之前先刮去上面的食物残渣。
• Pesticide persistence beyond the critical period for control leads to residue problems.农药一旦超过控制的临界期，就会导致残留问题。

2 additives   

n.添加剂( additive的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• chemical additives in petrol 汽油中的化学添加剂
• It'says on the packet that these crisps contain no additives. 包装上说这些炸薯片不含添加剂。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 combustion   

n.燃烧；氧化；骚动

参考例句：

• We might be tempted to think of combustion.我们也许会联想到氧化。
• The smoke formed by their combustion is negligible.由它燃烧所生成的烟是可忽略的。

4 toxicity   

n.毒性，毒力

参考例句：

• The hoarse grunt or squeal is characteristic of toxicity.嘶哑的哼声和叫声是中毒的特征。
• Dieldrin is related to aldrin,and its toxicity to earthworms is similar.狄氏剂与艾氏剂有关，对蚯蚓的毒性是相似的。

5 molecular   

adj.分子的；克分子的

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
• For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时，分子的碰撞就停止了。

6 combustible   

a. 易燃的,可燃的; n. 易燃物,可燃物

参考例句：

• Don't smoke near combustible materials. 别在易燃的材料附近吸烟。
• We mustn't take combustible goods aboard. 我们不可带易燃品上车。

7 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

8 efficiently   

adv.高效率地，有能力地

参考例句：

• The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
• Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。

9 plausible   

adj.似真实的，似乎有理的，似乎可信的

参考例句：

• His story sounded plausible.他说的那番话似乎是真实的。
• Her story sounded perfectly plausible.她的说辞听起来言之有理。