2021年经济学人 中美承诺共同努力减少碳排放

The world this week -- Politics

本周国际要闻——政治

As delegates haggled¹ over the final drafts at the UN COP26 climate-change summit in Glasgow, America and China issued a joint² declaration to work together to reduce emissions³.

在格拉斯哥举行的联合国COP26气候变化峰会上，当代表们就最终草案争论不休时，美国和中国发表了一份联合声明，共同努力减少碳排放。

The two countries said they were committed to keeping the increase in Earth’s mean surface temperature to “well below” 2 degrees Celsius⁴ compared with pre-industrial levels.

两国表示，他们致力于将地球平均表面温度相比于工业化前水平的增幅控制在“远低于”2摄氏度的水平。

China said it would come up with a national plan to curb⁵ methane⁶ emissions.

中国表示将制定一项全国性计划，遏制甲烷排放。

Belarus kept dumping migrants at the border with Poland and barring them at gunpoint from retreating.

白俄罗斯一直把移民扔在波兰边境，并举枪阻止他们撤退离开。

It has been luring⁷ them onto flights from the Middle East with false promises of easy passage to the European Union.

它一直在用虚假的承诺引诱他们从中东搭乘飞机，谎称可以轻松进入欧盟。

The migrants cannot enter Poland, and with winter coming, may soon freeze.

移民无法进入波兰，随着冬天的到来，可能很快就会遭受严寒侵袭。

The despotic regime of Alexander Lukashenko apparently⁸ hopes to cause another political crisis in the EU about refugees.

亚历山大·卢卡申科的专制政权显然希望在欧盟引发又一场关于难民的政治危机。

Poland has sent 15,000 troops to the area.

波兰已向该地区派遣了15000名士兵。

Mr Biden was able to claim a big victory when the House of Representatives at last passed his $1trn infrastructure⁹ bill.

当众议院最终通过了拜登的1万亿美元基础设施法案时，他得以宣告取得了一次重大胜利。

The bill had seemed in peril¹⁰ when left-wing Democrats¹¹ insisted that welfare legislation should come up for a vote at the same time.

当左翼民主党人坚持福利立法应该同时进行投票时，该法案似乎处于危险之中。

NASA pushed back its planned mission to land astronauts on the Moon, its first since 1972, by at least a year, to 2025.

美国国家航空航天局将其计划的宇航员登月任务推迟至少一年，推迟到2025年，这是自1972年以来的首次载人登月计划。

A lawsuit¹² brought by Jeff Bezos’s Blue Origin over the contract awarded to SpaceX to build the Moon lander was one reason for the delay (a judge recently dismissed the suit).

杰夫·贝佐斯的蓝色起源公司就SpaceX建造月球着陆器的合同提起的诉讼（法官最近驳回了这一诉讼）是计划推迟的原因之一。

Daniel Ortega, the authoritarian¹³ president of Nicaragua, won a fourth consecutive¹⁴ term.

尼加拉瓜独裁总统丹尼尔·奥尔特加赢得了第四次连任。

Joe Biden called the election a “pantomime”.

乔·拜登称这次选举是一场“闹剧”。

Over the past six months Mr Ortega has imprisoned¹⁵ some of his potential opponents and forced others to flee.

在过去的六个月里，奥尔特加监禁了一些潜在的对手，并迫使其他人逃离。

Many hundreds of ordinary people who have protested against his regime in the past remain behind bars.

过去曾抗议他的政权的数百名普通民众现仍在狱中。

Chile’s Chamber¹⁶ of Deputies approved impeachment¹⁸ proceedings¹⁹ against Sebastian Pinera, after leaked documents raised more questions about a mining deal that the president’s family signed during his first term in 2010 (he denies wrongdoing).

智利众议院批准了对塞巴斯蒂安·皮涅拉的弹劾程序，此前泄露的文件引发了有关一项采矿协议的更多质疑，该协议是总统家人在其2010年第一个任期内签署的（他否认存在不当行为）。

But the opposition²⁰ will struggle to obtain the two-thirds majority needed to impeach¹⁷ Mr Pinera formally in the Senate.

但反对派将很难获得在参议院正式弹劾皮涅拉所需的三分之二多数。

Thailand’s constitutional court ruled that three activists²¹ who called for reforms to the country’s monarchy²² during protests last year were guilty of attempting to overthrow²³ the king.

泰国宪法法院裁定，在去年的抗议活动中呼吁改革泰国君主制的三名活动人士犯有企图推翻国王罪。

The court focused on whether the speeches were constitutional, so no penalty was imposed, but the ruling will stifle²⁴ debate about the monarchy’s role.

法院关注的焦点是这些言论是否符合宪法，因此没有施行惩罚，但这项裁决将扼杀有关君主制的作用的辩论。

1 haggled   

v.讨价还价( haggle的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The cook and the grocer haggled over the price of eggs. 厨师和杂货商为蛋价计较个没完。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• After they had haggled for some time, the two men decided to close the bargain. 那两个人经过一番讨价还价以后，决定成交。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

3 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

4 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

5 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。

6 methane   

n.甲烷，沼气

参考例句：

• The blast was caused by pockets of methane gas that ignited.爆炸是由数袋甲烷气体着火引起的。
• Methane may have extraterrestrial significance.甲烷具有星际意义。

7 luring   

吸引，引诱（lure的现在分词形式）

参考例句：

• Cheese is very good for luring a mouse into a trap. 奶酪是引诱老鼠上钩的极好的东西。
• Her training warned her of peril and of the wrong, subtle, mysterious, luring. 她的教养警告她：有危险，要出错儿，这是微妙、神秘而又诱人的。

8 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

9 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

10 peril   

n.(严重的)危险；危险的事物

参考例句：

• The refugees were in peril of death from hunger.难民有饿死的危险。
• The embankment is in great peril.河堤岌岌可危。

11 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 lawsuit   

n.诉讼，控诉

参考例句：

• They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
• He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。

13 authoritarian   

n./adj.专制(的)，专制主义者，独裁主义者

参考例句：

• Foreign diplomats suspect him of authoritarian tendencies.各国外交官怀疑他有着独裁主义倾向。
• The authoritarian policy wasn't proved to be a success.独裁主义的政策证明并不成功。

14 consecutive   

adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的

参考例句：

• It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
• The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。

15 imprisoned   

下狱，监禁( imprison的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He was imprisoned for two concurrent terms of 30 months and 18 months. 他被判处30个月和18个月的监禁，合并执行。
• They were imprisoned for possession of drugs. 他们因拥有毒品而被监禁。

16 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

17 impeach   

v.弹劾；检举

参考例句：

• We must impeach the judge for taking bribes.我们一定要检举法官收受贿赂。
• The committee decided to impeach the President.委员会决定弹劾总统。

18 impeachment   

n.弹劾；控告；怀疑

参考例句：

• Impeachment is considered a drastic measure in the United States.在美国，弹劾被视为一种非常激烈的措施。
• The verdict resulting from his impeachment destroyed his political career.他遭弹劾后得到的判决毁了他的政治生涯。

19 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

20 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

21 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

22 monarchy   

n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国

参考例句：

• The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。
• The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的，无甚实际意义。

23 overthrow   

v.推翻，打倒，颠覆；n.推翻，瓦解，颠覆

参考例句：

• After the overthrow of the government,the country was in chaos.政府被推翻后，这个国家处于混乱中。
• The overthrow of his plans left him much discouraged.他的计划的失败使得他很气馁。

24 stifle   

vt.使窒息；闷死；扼杀；抑止，阻止

参考例句：

• She tried hard to stifle her laughter.她强忍住笑。
• It was an uninteresting conversation and I had to stifle a yawn.那是一次枯燥无味的交谈，我不得不强忍住自己的呵欠。