2021年经济学人 气候变化将如何影响美食？

Europe

欧洲版块

Global warming and food

全球变暖与食物

Hot cuisine¹

“热菜”

How will climate change affect gastronomy²?

气候变化将如何影响美食？

Farmers in southern Italy are cultivating avocados and mangos.

意大利南部的农民正在种植牛油果和芒果。

Tropical creatures such as the rabbitfish are turning up in Mediterranean³ nets.

像兔鱼这样的热带生物正出现在地中海的渔网中。

And Bordeaux winemakers fret⁴ that their Merlot grapes may become extinct.

波尔多酿酒商担心他们的梅洛葡萄可能会灭绝。

Fifty years ago all this would have been unthinkable.

50年前，这一切都是不可想象的。

But since the early 1980s rising temperatures have forced some farmers to swap⁵ grapes for passion fruit.

但自20世纪80年代初以来，不断上升的气温迫使一些农民将葡萄换成了百香果。

Italy and France have long been proud of their cuisines⁶.

意大利和法国长期以来一直以美食为荣。

Both countries jealously guard the rules that say only ham made in Parma can be called “Prosciutto di Parma”, and only fizzy wine made in Champagne⁷ can be called champagne.

这两个国家都小心翼翼地捍卫着这样的原则，只有帕尔马产的火腿才能被称为“帕尔马火腿”，只有产自香槟-阿登大区的起泡葡萄酒才能被称为香槟。

Roquefort, that most celebrated⁸ of blue cheeses, was given special protection by the parliament of Toulouse in 1550.

1550年，最著名的蓝色奶酪洛克福受到图卢兹议会的特别保护。

The fact of having been grown somewhere famous has traditionally been seen as a guarantee of quality.

在有名的地方种植一直被视为质量的保证。

But climate change could upset that.

但气候变化可能会打破这一点。

Take polenta, a popular Italian dish consisting almost entirely⁹ of ground maize¹⁰.

以玉米粥为例，这是一道很受欢迎的意大利菜，几乎全部由磨碎的玉米粉制成。

High temperatures and drier weather have already reduced maize yields in southern Italy.

高温和更干燥的天气已经降低了意大利南部的玉米产量。

If this pattern continues and spreads northwards, will Italian polenta-makers have to order their maize from elsewhere?

如果这种模式继续向北蔓延，是不是意大利玉米粥制造商就不得不从其他地方订购玉米呢？

And what about durum wheat, which grows abundantly in Mediterranean lands and is used to make pasta, flatbreads and couscous?

那么盛产于地中海地区，被用来制作意大利面、扁面包和粗麦粉的硬质小麦呢？

Modelling suggests that durum yields will sharply fall there if the temperature keeps on rising.

气候模型显示，如果气温持续上升，那里的硬质小麦产量将大幅下降。

So should gourmands¹¹ worry about the future of spaghetti?

那么，美食家们应该担心意大利面的未来吗？

Gabriele Cola, a researcher at Milan University, is optimistic about the short term.

米兰大学研究员加布里埃尔·科拉对短期前景仍持乐观态度。

“I don’t see crops at serious risk, because farming is more informed and technologically¹² capable, so it can always respond to changes,” he says.

他说：“我认为农作物不会面临严重的风险，因为农场经营主更有见识，技术能力过硬，可以应对各种气候变化。”

Increased irrigation can counter the effects of drought.

增加灌溉可以抵消干旱的影响。

Scientists may also breed more resistant¹³ varieties of crops.

科学家还可能培育出更具抗性的作物品种。

But in the long run deeper change seems likely.

但从长远来看，更深层次的变化似乎是有可能发生的。

If temperatures rise unabated, farmers in northern Europe may find they can grow southern staples¹⁴; polenta may invade Germany.

如果气温持续上升，北欧的农民可能会发现他们可以种植南部的主食；玉米粥可能会入侵德国。

And southern locavores may have to adapt.

而南方的本地人不得不适应这一情况。

If tropical fruit continues to thrive in Sicily, could ham and pineapple pizza one day be considered authentically¹⁵ Italian?

如果热带水果继续在西西里岛茁壮成长，火腿菠萝披萨会有一天被认为是正宗的意大利菜吗？

1 cuisine   

n.烹调，烹饪法

参考例句：

• This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine.这本书是世界美食的权威指南。
• This restaurant is renowned for its cuisine.这家餐馆以其精美的饭菜而闻名。

2 gastronomy   

n.美食法；美食学

参考例句：

• He studied gastronomy but cannot make a living as a cook.他学习了烹饪但却无法靠厨艺过活。
• Burgundy has always been considered a major centre of gastronomy.勃艮第大区一向被视为重要的美食中心。

3 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

4 fret   

v.(使)烦恼；(使)焦急；(使)腐蚀，(使)磨损

参考例句：

• Don't fret.We'll get there on time.别着急，我们能准时到那里。
• She'll fret herself to death one of these days.她总有一天会愁死的.

5 swap   

n.交换；vt.交换，用...作交易

参考例句：

• I will swap you my bicycle for your radio.我想拿我的自行车换你的收音机。
• This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。

6 cuisines   

n.烹饪( cuisine的名词复数 )；菜肴；（通常指昂贵的饭店中的）饭菜；烹饪艺术

参考例句：

• Could you tell me the different features of these cuisines? 能不能告诉我这些不同的烹调流派各自有哪些特点？ 来自地道口语脱口SHOW 高中超越版
• Ice sculptures are used as decorations in some cuisines, especially in Asia. 冰雕在某些菜肴中被当作装饰品，尤其在亚洲。 来自互联网

7 champagne   

n.香槟酒；微黄色

参考例句：

• There were two glasses of champagne on the tray.托盘里有两杯香槟酒。
• They sat there swilling champagne.他们坐在那里大喝香槟酒。

8 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

9 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

10 maize   

n.玉米

参考例句：

• There's a field planted with maize behind the house.房子后面有一块玉米地。
• We can grow sorghum or maize on this plot.这块地可以种高粱或玉米。

11 gourmands   

n.喜欢吃喝的人，贪吃的人( gourmand的名词复数 )；美食主义

参考例句：

• The food here satisfies gourmands rather than gourmets. 这里的食物可以管饱却不讲究品质。 来自辞典例句

12 technologically   

ad.技术上地

参考例句：

• Shanghai is a technologically advanced city. 上海是中国的一个技术先进的城市。
• Many senior managers are technologically illiterate. 许多高级经理都对技术知之甚少。

13 resistant   

adj.(to)抵抗的，有抵抗力的

参考例句：

• Many pests are resistant to the insecticide.许多害虫对这种杀虫剂有抵抗力。
• They imposed their government by force on the resistant population.他们以武力把自己的统治强加在持反抗态度的人民头上。

14 staples   

n.（某国的）主要产品( staple的名词复数 )；钉书钉；U 形钉；主要部份v.用钉书钉钉住( staple的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The anvil onto which the staples are pressed was not assemble correctly. 订书机上的铁砧安装错位。 来自辞典例句
• I'm trying to make an analysis of the staples of his talk. 我在试行分析他的谈话的要旨。 来自辞典例句

15 authentically   

ad.sincerely真诚地

参考例句：

• Gina: And we should give him something 2 authentically Taiwanese. 吉娜：而且我们应该送他有纯正台湾味的东西。
• A loser is one who fails to correspond authentically. 失败者则指那些未能做到诚实可靠的人。