2021年经济学人 联合国发布关于阿富汗经济的报告

The world this week -- Politics

本周国际要闻——政治

The UN issued a report on Afghanistan’s economy.

联合国发布了一份关于阿富汗经济的报告。

It predicted that GDP will shrink by 20% within a year.

报告预测该国GDP将在一年内减少20%。

Foreign aid, which had accounted for 40% of GDP, has been sharply curtailed¹ since the Taliban’s military takeover in August.

自8月塔利班军事接管以来，占国内生产总值40%的对外援助已大幅减少。

Their policy of making it hard for women to work makes the country poorer.

他们的政策使得女性难以工作，这使国家变得更加贫穷。

Stopping girls from going to school will, in the long-run, have an even worse economic effect.

从长远来看，阻止女孩上学将产生更糟糕的经济影响。

In the Philippines an ally of the president, Rodrigo Duterte, withdrew from the presidential race.

在菲律宾，总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特的盟友退出了总统竞选。

The exit of Christopher “Bong” Go leaves the government without a candidate in May’s election, though Mr Duterte’s daughter, Sara, is running for the separately elected post of vice-president.

克里斯托弗·邦戈的退出使得政府5月份的选举没有候选人，不过杜特尔特的女儿萨拉正在参与另一场单独进行的副总统竞选。

Ferdinand Marcos junior is the front-runner for president.

小费迪南德·马科斯在总统竞选中领先。

India’s fertility rate fell below replacement² level.

印度的生育率降至更替水平以下。

An Indian woman can expect to have 2.0 children, down from roughly six in 1947.

一名印度妇女预计生育2.0个孩子，低于1947年的大约6个。

The country’s population is now predicted to peak a decade earlier than previously³ expected, at perhaps 1.6bn people in 30 years, and then to shrink.

目前据预测，该国人口将比之前预计的时间提前10年达到峰值，即在30年后达到约16亿人，然后开始减少。

Russia and America traded angry words over Ukraine.

俄罗斯和美国在乌克兰问题上针锋相对。

Antony Blinken, the American secretary of state, warned the Kremlin, which has been massing troops at the border with Ukraine, not to invade.

美国国务卿安东尼·布林肯警告克里姆林宫不要入侵，后者一直在乌克兰边境集结军队。

If it does, he threatened economic sanctions rather than an American military response.

如果俄方这样做，他威胁称会实施经济制裁，而不是来自美方的军事回应。

A day earlier Vladimir Putin had described any deployment⁴ of NATO troops or missiles in Ukraine as “red lines” for him.

此前一天，弗拉基米尔·普京称北约在乌克兰部署任何部队或导弹对他来说都是“红线”。

Talks on the future of the nuclear deal signed between Iran and six world powers resumed in Vienna.

关于伊朗和六个世界大国签署的核协议后续发展的谈判在维也纳恢复。

Joe Biden wants to revive the agreement, which his predecessor⁵ ditched three years ago.

乔·拜登希望恢复前任总统三年前放弃的这项协议。

Western diplomats⁶ were guardedly optimistic after Iran agreed to discuss steps to come back into compliance⁷ with the deal.

在伊朗同意讨论有关恢复遵守协议的措施后，西方外交官持谨慎乐观态度。

But international inspectors⁸ also reported that Iran was continuing its nuclear work.

但国际核查人员也报告说，伊朗仍在继续其核工作。

Back in Iran, big demonstrations⁹ rattled¹⁰ the regime.

在伊朗，大规模的示威活动使政权动荡不安。

Riot police were deployed¹¹ in the city of Isfahan, where thousands of residents protested about a lack of water.

防暴警察被部署在伊斯法罕市，那里的数千名居民抗议缺水现象。

Locals say a long-running drought has been made worse by official bungling¹² and the diversion of water to other cities.

当地居民说，因为政府把事情搞砸了并且调水到其他城市，长期以来的干旱变得更加严重。

Conservationists flew 30 white rhinos¹³ from South Africa to Rwanda.

环保人士将30头白犀牛从南非空运到卢旺达。

It was the largest such airlift aimed at protecting the endangered animals.

这是为保护濒危动物而进行的规模最大的一次空运。

1 curtailed   

v.截断，缩短( curtail的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Spending on books has been severely curtailed. 购书开支已被大大削减。
• Their public health programme had to be severely curtailed. 他们的公共卫生计划不得不大大收缩。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 replacement   

n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品

参考例句：

• We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
• They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。

3 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

4 deployment   

n. 部署,展开

参考例句：

• He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy troops. 他已查出敌军的兵力部署情况。
• Quality function deployment (QFD) is a widely used customer-driven quality, design and manufacturing management tool. 质量功能展开(quality function deployment,QFD)是一个广泛应用的顾客需求驱动的设计、制造和质量管理工具。

5 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

6 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 compliance   

n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从

参考例句：

• I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
• She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。

8 inspectors   

n.检查员( inspector的名词复数 )；（英国公共汽车或火车上的）查票员；（警察）巡官；检阅官

参考例句：

• They got into the school in the guise of inspectors. 他们假装成视察员进了学校。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Inspectors checked that there was adequate ventilation. 检查员已检查过，通风良好。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 demonstrations   

证明( demonstration的名词复数 )； 表明； 表达； 游行示威

参考例句：

• Lectures will be interspersed with practical demonstrations. 讲课中将不时插入实际示范。
• The new military government has banned strikes and demonstrations. 新的军人政府禁止罢工和示威活动。

10 rattled   

慌乱的，恼火的

参考例句：

• The truck jolted and rattled over the rough ground. 卡车嘎吱嘎吱地在凹凸不平的地面上颠簸而行。
• Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled. 每逢公共汽车经过这里，窗户都格格作响。

11 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

12 bungling   

adj.笨拙的，粗劣的v.搞糟，完不成( bungle的现在分词 )；笨手笨脚地做；失败；完不成

参考例句：

• You can't do a thing without bungling it. 你做事总是笨手笨脚。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• 'Enough, too,' retorted George. 'We'll all swing and sundry for your bungling.' “还不够吗？”乔治反问道，“就因为你乱指挥，我们都得荡秋千，被日头晒干。” 来自英汉文学 - 金银岛

13 rhinos   

n.犀牛（rhino的复数形式）

参考例句：

• There are many reports of people taming and even training Indian rhinos. 有许多关于人们驯养甚至训练印度犀牛的记载。 来自辞典例句
• The rhinos had fed during the night in the rice fields of these villagers. 犀牛夜里在这些村民的庄稼地里也已吃饱了。 来自辞典例句