Examining the marine heat wave experience last year in the Gulf of Maine

Examining the marine¹ heat wave experience last year in the Gulf² of Maine

　　Transcript³

　　New research finds the Gulf of Maine hit record hot temperatures in 2021. It's warming three times faster than the world's oceans, and is already seeing major disruption to its ocean ecosystems⁴.

　　RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:

　　Last year, the Gulf of Maine saw the highest water temperatures ever recorded there. In fact, it's one of the fastest-warming bodies of water on the planet. Maine Public Radio's Fred Bever reports.

　　FRED BEVER, BYLINE⁵: Data released by the Gulf of Maine Research Institute show that last year surface water temperatures in the Gulf were on average a half degree higher than the previous record. And the Gulf experienced what's called a marine heat wave the entire year.

　　The institute's David Reidmiller says it punctuates⁶ a decades-long trend that shows no sign of abating⁷ as the climate continues to heat up.

　　DAVID REIDMILLER: As unusually warm as 2021 was in a historical context, it's likely to be one of the coolest years we'll experience going forward.

　　BEVER: The Gulf extends from Cape⁸ Cod⁹ to Canada and is warming partly due to massive ice melt from the Arctic. That pulse of cold fresh water is changing the course of long-established ocean currents and allowing relatively¹⁰ warm Gulf Stream waters to push closer to New England's coast. The high surface-water temperatures are an indicator¹¹ of change that observers are seeing throughout the Gulf's ecosystems.

　　Steve Train harvests lobster¹² and grows seaweed off Portland.

　　STEVE TRAIN: My kids have been catching¹³ squid off the dock at night for years now. I never caught squid off the dock.

　　BEVER: He says warmer waters are bringing in more southerly species, and not just in summer.

　　TRAIN: We're catching sea bass¹⁴ in our traps frequently, you know, not occasionally, not just in the month of June or something. Last time we went out and hauled, we had two sea bass in 45 fathom¹⁵ of water. We didn't used to see that.

　　BEVER: The latest visitor Maine fishermen are seeing come 'round more often, even in winter? - what the South knows as the Chesapeake blue crab¹⁶.

　　Gib Brogan is a fisheries analyst¹⁷ at Oceana, an international conservation group. He says that as marine species shift their territory in response to climate change, regulators will be challenged to keep up.

　　GIB BROGAN: I think very much the Gulf of Maine is going to be the crystal ball showing us the future of oceans management.

　　BEVER: And with the Gulf of Maine warming almost three times as fast as the planet's oceans overall, the researchers say it provides a glimpse of the future, not just for fishermen, but for ocean ecosystems and coastal¹⁸ economies worldwide.

　　For NPR News, I'm Fred Bever in Falmouth, Maine.

1 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

2 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

3 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

4 ecosystems   

n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样，从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句

5 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

6 punctuates   

v.（在文字中）加标点符号，加标点( punctuate的第三人称单数 )；不时打断某事物

参考例句：

7 abating   

减少( abate的现在分词 )； 减去； 降价； 撤消（诉讼）

参考例句：

• The storm showed no signs of abating. 暴风雨没有减弱的迹象。
• The recent public anxiety about this issue may now be abating. 近来公众对这个问题的焦虑心情现在也许正在缓和下来。

8 cape   

n.海角，岬；披肩，短披风

参考例句：

• I long for a trip to the Cape of Good Hope.我渴望到好望角去旅行。
• She was wearing a cape over her dress.她在外套上披着一件披肩。

9 cod   

n.鳕鱼；v.愚弄；哄骗

参考例句：

• They salt down cod for winter use.他们腌鳕鱼留着冬天吃。
• Cod are found in the North Atlantic and the North Sea.北大西洋和北海有鳕鱼。

10 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

11 indicator   

n.指标；指示物，指示者；指示器

参考例句：

• Gold prices are often seen as an indicator of inflation.黃金价格常常被看作是通货膨胀的指标。
• His left-hand indicator is flashing.他左手边的转向灯正在闪亮。

12 lobster   

n.龙虾，龙虾肉

参考例句：

• The lobster is a shellfish.龙虾是水生贝壳动物。
• I like lobster but it does not like me.我喜欢吃龙虾，但它不适宜于我的健康。

13 catching   

adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住

参考例句：

• There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
• Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。

14 bass   

n.男低音(歌手)；低音乐器；低音大提琴

参考例句：

• He answered my question in a surprisingly deep bass.他用一种低得出奇的声音回答我的问题。
• The bass was to give a concert in the park.那位男低音歌唱家将在公园中举行音乐会。

15 fathom   

v.领悟，彻底了解

参考例句：

• I really couldn't fathom what he was talking about.我真搞不懂他在说些什么。
• What these people hoped to achieve is hard to fathom.这些人希望实现些什么目标难以揣测。

16 crab   

n.螃蟹，偏航，脾气乖戾的人，酸苹果；vi.捕蟹，偏航，发牢骚；vt.使偏航，发脾气

参考例句：

• I can't remember when I last had crab.我不记得上次吃蟹是什么时候了。
• The skin on my face felt as hard as a crab's back.我脸上的皮仿佛僵硬了，就象螃蟹的壳似的。

17 analyst   

n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家

参考例句：

• What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？
• The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

18 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。