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美国国家公共电台 NPR--With supplies low, FDA authorizes plan to stretch limited monkeypox vaccine doses

时间:2023-08-11 02:32来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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With supplies low, FDA authorizes2 plan to stretch limited monkeypox vaccine3 doses

Transcript4

With the monkeypox vaccine still in short supply, the Biden administration is changing how the vaccine is administered in order to stretch its limited number of doses.

On Tuesday afternoon, federal health officials announced their decision to allow the JYNNEOS vaccine to be administered between layers of skin — what's known as an intradermal injection — rather than into the fat as is currently done.

By offering the shots in this way, only a fifth of the full dose is needed for each person.

To make the change, the Food and Drug Administration issued an Emergency Use Authorization5 to authorize1 the new dosing and injection strategy for the vaccine. (This follows last week's decision by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to declare monkeypox a Public Health Emergency, and an additional declaration today.)

"In recent weeks the monkeypox virus has continued to spread at a rate that has made it clear our current vaccine supply will not meet the current demand," said FDA Commissioner6 Dr. Robert M. Califf. "This will increase the total number of doses available for use by up to five fold."

Even with the change, a person will still need to receive two doses of the vaccine.

The FDA authorization also allows those under 18 who are considered at high risk of monkeypox infection to get the shot. However, that population will still receive the vaccine through subcutaneous injection — not the alternative method of injecting between layers of skin.

About 1.6 to 1.7 million people in the U.S. are considered at highest risk for the disease, but only about 1.1 million vaccine doses have been available, due to the expiration7 of vaccine reserves and delays in ordering replacements8. Of those doses, about 670,000 have already been shipped to states and other jurisdictions9.

Under the new dosing plan, the remaining 400,000 vials of vaccine will "have the potential to provide up to 2 million doses to Americans," said Robert Fenton, the White House monkeypox response coordinator10.

The skin is home to a number of immune cells that trigger a potentially better immune response and this approach has been used with others vaccines11, said Dr. Jon Andrus, an infectious disease specialist at George Washington University.

"It's actually a very good technique and it makes sense to go forward with it," he said.

But it also has challenges: It's harder to administer a vaccine in between layers of skin, and requires special training. Although this method has worked for polio and yellow fever, evidence that it will work for monkeypox is based on a single 2015 study.

Federal health officials ackowledge there are still questions about how well the monkeypox vaccine works.

"There is no traditional assessment12 of this vaccine," said Califf, adding that the vaccine was approved based on its "immunological response, not on clinical outcomes."

So far, there have been about 9,000 confirmed cases of monkeypox in the U.S., and that's likely an undercount given ongoing13 testing challenges.

"Right now, we need a lot of vaccine in a very short time period if we're going to get in front of this virus," said Anne Rimoin, an epidemiologist at UCLA. "And these vaccines are likely going to be very effective."

During this current outbreak, the vast majority of cases in the U.S. are occurring in gay and queer sexual networks, primarily among men who have sex with men.

Monkeypox causes lesions on the skin or mucous14 membranes15. When the lesions rub up against another person's skin or mucous membranes, the virus can be transmitted, especially if the uninfected skin is damaged or broken. Most cases in the U.S. have been traced back to male-to-male sexual contact, according to the latest data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

It is possible for monkeypox to transmit nonsexually: people can catch the virus through face-to-face interactions with someone via respiratory droplets16 or by touching17 a surface that was contaminated. But data from this outbreak show these routes of transmission are extremely rare in public settings. When they do occur, it most likely happens when you live with an infected person and have prolonged contact with them.

"Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in recent history have demonstrated significant confidence in vaccines, with COVID vaccination18 rates that are well over 90%," said Dr. Demetre Daskalakis, CDC's director of the division of HIV/AIDS and the White House monkeypox response deputy coordinator. "I think we're going to see that we will likely still run out of vaccines before we run out of arms."


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 authorize CO1yV     
v.授权,委任;批准,认可
参考例句:
  • He said that he needed to get his supervisor to authorize my refund.他说必须让主管人员批准我的退款。
  • Only the President could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.只有总统才能授权使用原子弹。
2 authorizes 716083de28a1fe3e0ba0233e695bce8c     
授权,批准,委托( authorize的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The dictionary authorizes the two spellings 'traveler' and 'traveller'. 字典裁定traveler和traveller两种拼法都对。
  • The dictionary authorizes the two spellings "honor" and "honour.". 字典裁定 honor 及 honour 两种拼法均可。
3 vaccine Ki1wv     
n.牛痘苗,疫苗;adj.牛痘的,疫苗的
参考例句:
  • The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
4 transcript JgpzUp     
n.抄本,誊本,副本,肄业证书
参考例句:
  • A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
  • They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。
5 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
6 commissioner gq3zX     
n.(政府厅、局、处等部门)专员,长官,委员
参考例句:
  • The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
  • He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。
7 expiration bmSxA     
n.终结,期满,呼气,呼出物
参考例句:
  • Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
  • This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满,即行终止。
8 replacements 1f6e0d51ec9f57961e86b4aa2e91ef29     
n.代替( replacement的名词复数 );替换的人[物];替代品;归还
参考例句:
  • They infiltrated behind the lines so as to annoy the emery replacements. 他们渗透敌后以便骚扰敌军的调度。 来自辞典例句
  • For oil replacements, cheap suddenly looks less of a problem. 对于石油的替代品来说,价格变得无足轻重了。 来自互联网
9 jurisdictions 56c6bce4efb3de7be8c795d15d592c2c     
司法权( jurisdiction的名词复数 ); 裁判权; 管辖区域; 管辖范围
参考例句:
  • Butler entreated him to remember the act abolishing the heritable jurisdictions. 巴特勒提醒他注意废除世袭审判权的国会法令。
  • James I personally adjudicated between the two jurisdictions. 詹姆士一世亲自裁定双方纠纷。
10 coordinator Gvazk6     
n.协调人
参考例句:
  • The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, headed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, coordinates all UN emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下,负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。
  • How am I supposed to find the client-relations coordinator? 我怎么才能找到客户关系协调员的办公室?
11 vaccines c9bb57973a82c1e95c7cd0f4988a1ded     
疫苗,痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
  • The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。
12 assessment vO7yu     
n.评价;评估;对财产的估价,被估定的金额
参考例句:
  • This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
  • What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何?
13 ongoing 6RvzT     
adj.进行中的,前进的
参考例句:
  • The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。
14 mucous S6XzD     
adj. 黏液的,似黏液的
参考例句:
  • Healthy,skin,mucous membranes,and cilia are natural barriers to many viruses.健康的皮肤,粘膜和纤毛是许多病毒的天然屏障。
  • Seromucous glands contain both mucous and serous cells.浆粘液腺既含有粘液性细胞,又含有浆液性细胞。
15 membranes 93ec26b8b1eb155ef0aeaa845da95972     
n.(动物或植物体内的)薄膜( membrane的名词复数 );隔膜;(可起防水、防风等作用的)膜状物
参考例句:
  • The waste material is placed in cells with permeable membranes. 废液置于有渗透膜的槽中。 来自辞典例句
  • The sarcoplasmic reticulum is a system of intracellular membranes. 肌浆网属于细胞内膜系统。 来自辞典例句
16 droplets 3c55b5988da2d40be7a87f6b810732d2     
n.小滴( droplet的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Droplets of sweat were welling up on his forehead. 他额头上冒出了滴滴汗珠。 来自辞典例句
  • In constrast, exhaled smoke contains relatively large water droplets and appears white. 相反,从人嘴里呼出的烟则包含相当大的水滴,所以呈白色。 来自辞典例句
17 touching sg6zQ9     
adj.动人的,使人感伤的
参考例句:
  • It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
  • His letter was touching.他的信很感人。
18 vaccination bKGzM     
n.接种疫苗,种痘
参考例句:
  • Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
  • Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。
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TAG标签:   美国新闻  英语听力  NPR
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