美国国家公共电台 NPR--Supreme Court ruling on mifepristone causes uncertainty for advocates

Supreme¹ Court ruling on mifepristone causes uncertainty² for advocates

Transcript³

Activists⁴ on both sides of the abortion⁵ issue are awaiting a Supreme Court decision on the medication mifepristone, used in more than half of the abortions⁶ in the U.S. It is also used in miscarriage⁷ management.

How did we get here?

Mifepristone was called into question on April 7, when U.S. District Judge Matthew Kacsmaryk imposed a nationwide ban, saying the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had improperly⁸ approved mifepristone 23 years ago. Within minutes, a judge in Washington state, U.S. District Judge Thomas Rice, issued a contrary ruling directing federal authorities not to make any changes in mifepristone access in at least 17 states where Democrats⁹ had sued to protect availability. Five days later, the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals narrowed Kacsmaryk's ruling. It declared that the time had passed for challenging the original FDA approval, but it also tightened¹⁰ the agency's window for using the drug from 10 weeks, as approved in 2016, to seven weeks.

The Biden administration asked the U.S. Supreme Court to preserve access to mifepristone. And the high court temporarily paused lower court rulings while setting the Friday deadline to decide whether to let any restrictions¹¹ take effect.

Advocates cite one study to counter a green light from FDA

An attorney for an advocacy group that filed an amicus brief on behalf of parties suing for mifepristone restrictions argues that the drug declared "safe and effective" by the FDA is dangerous. Attorney Chelsey Youman, who represents Human Coalition¹², tells Morning Edition that despite 23 years of study and repeated reviews, the FDA has not fully¹³ accounted for possible complications.

In an interview with NPR's Michel Martin, Youman cites a single advocacy study of post-abortion emergency room visits that suggested an ER visit was more likely within 30 days of a medication procedure. "We're serving these women, sometimes in the middle of their abortions, calling us, panicking about what they're experiencing and what their bodies are experiencing," she says.

Since mifepristone was first approved by the FDA in 2000, the drug has been used for abortions by more than 5 million women in the U.S. A study from KFF, an independent health policy organization, determined¹⁴ that medication abortion successfully terminates pregnancy¹⁵ 99.6% of the time. The foundation found a .4% risk of major complications and a mortality rate of less than .001%.

The FDA issued its most recent summary report of adverse¹⁶ events in June 2022, saying it "did not identify any new safety signals."

Youman, whose group aims to eliminate abortion in the U.S., contends that the number of women requiring emergency follow-up care is "astronomical¹⁷."

"That doesn't even include the FDA not requiring reporting of adverse events," Youman says, adding, "It's not safe for women."

Court rulings prompt anxiety and uncertainty

Dr. Audrey Lance, an OB-GYN with Northland Family Planning near Detroit, told Michigan Radio's Kate Wells that conflicting legal rulings and the wait for answers is complicating¹⁸ care and making it difficult to help patients.

"Am I allowed to do that? I don't know yet," Lance tells NPR. "I don't know what's going to happen."

Whether there's any consensus¹⁹ among justices on the high court is also unclear, as NPR legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg tells All Things Considered. "If there was a clear consensus on this at the court, I think the justices would have acted [earlier]."

Totenberg points to the early days of the pandemic, when some abortion rights activists were trying to ease restrictions on access to abortion pills. Then, conservatives on the Supreme Court deferred²⁰ to the FDA's expertise²¹. Justice Samuel Alito, who would later author the decision overturning the landmark²² Roe²³ v. Wade²⁴ abortion protections, expressed amazement²⁵ in 2020 that a district court judge in Maryland "took it upon himself to overrule the FDA on a question of drug safety."

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

3 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

4 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 abortion   

n.流产，堕胎

参考例句：

• She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
• A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。

6 abortions   

n.小产( abortion的名词复数 )；小产胎儿；（计划）等中止或夭折；败育

参考例句：

• The Venerable Master: By not having abortions, by not killing living beings. 上人：不堕胎、不杀生。 来自互联网
• Conclusion Chromosome abnormality is one of the causes of spontaneous abortions. 结论：染色体异常是导致反复自然流产的原因之一。 来自互联网

7 miscarriage   

n.失败，未达到预期的结果；流产

参考例句：

• The miscarriage of our plans was a great blow.计划的失败给我们以巨大的打击。
• Women who smoke are more to have a miscarriage.女性吸烟者更容易流产。

8 improperly   

不正确地，不适当地

参考例句：

• Of course it was acting improperly. 这样做就是不对嘛！
• He is trying to improperly influence a witness. 他在试图误导证人。

9 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 tightened   

收紧( tighten的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）变紧； （使）绷紧； 加紧

参考例句：

• The rope holding the boat suddenly tightened and broke. 系船的绳子突然绷断了。
• His index finger tightened on the trigger but then relaxed again. 他的食指扣住扳机，然后又松开了。

11 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

12 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

13 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

14 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

15 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

16 adverse   

adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的

参考例句：

• He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
• The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。

17 astronomical   

adj.天文学的，（数字）极大的

参考例句：

• He was an expert on ancient Chinese astronomical literature.他是研究中国古代天文学文献的专家。
• Houses in the village are selling for astronomical prices.乡村的房价正在飙升。

18 complicating   

使复杂化( complicate的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• High spiking fever with chills is suggestive of a complicating pylephlebitis. 伴有寒战的高热，暗示合并门静脉炎。
• In America these actions become executive puberty rites, complicating relationships that are already complicated enough. 在美国，这些行动成了行政青春期的惯例，使本来已经够复杂的关系变得更复杂了。

19 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？

20 deferred   

adj.延期的，缓召的v.拖延，延缓，推迟( defer的过去式和过去分词 )；服从某人的意愿，遵从

参考例句：

• The department deferred the decision for six months. 这个部门推迟了六个月才作决定。
• a tax-deferred savings plan 延税储蓄计划

21 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

22 landmark   

n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标

参考例句：

• The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.俄国革命是世界历史上的一个里程碑。
• The tower was once a landmark for ships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。

23 roe   

n.鱼卵；獐鹿

参考例句：

• We will serve smoked cod's roe at the dinner.宴会上我们将上一道熏鳕鱼子。
• I'll scramble some eggs with roe?我用鱼籽炒几个鸡蛋好吗？

24 wade   

v.跋涉，涉水；n.跋涉

参考例句：

• We had to wade through the river to the opposite bank.我们只好涉水过河到对岸。
• We cannot but wade across the river.我们只好趟水过去。

25 amazement   

n.惊奇，惊讶

参考例句：

• All those around him looked at him with amazement.周围的人都对他投射出惊异的眼光。
• He looked at me in blank amazement.他带着迷茫惊诧的神情望着我。