TED演讲:演奏乐器如何益智(3)

 　　This ability also has an impact on how our memory systems work. 这种能力也能影响记忆系统的运作。

　　And, indeed, musicians exhibit enhanced memory functions, 的确，音乐家有提高的记忆力功能，

　　creating, storing, and retrieving¹ memories more quickly and efficiently². 能更快、有效创造、储存、重拾记忆。

　　Studies have found that musicians appear to use their highly connected brains to give each memory multiple tags,  研究发现，音乐家似乎用他们高度连接的大脑给予每个记忆多个标签，

　　such as a conceptual tag, an emotional tag, an audio tag, 例如，概念性标签、情感标签、声音标签、

　　and a contextual tag, like a good Internet search engine. 语境标签等，犹如一个好的网络搜寻引擎。

　　So how do we know that all these benefits are unique to music, as opposed to, say, sports or painting? 那如何得知这些是音乐特有的益处而不是运动或绘画等会有的益处？

　　Or could it be that people who go into music were already smarter to begin with? 或者接触音乐的人会不会一开始就比较聪明？

　　Neuroscientists have explored these issues, but so far, they have found that the artistic  神经科学家已探索这些问题，但目前为止，发现了在学习演奏乐器的艺术、

　　and aesthetic³ aspects of learning to play a musical instrument are different from any other activity studied, including other arts. 审美方面不同于其它研究过的活动，包括其它艺术。

　　And several randomized studies of participants, 一些随机研究在开始时，

　　who showed the same levels of cognitive⁴ function and neural⁵ processing at the start,  认知功能和神经处理有相同水平的参与者，

　　found that those who were exposed to a period of music learning showed enhancement in multiple brain areas, compared to the others. 其中有受过一段音乐学习的人相对于其他人显示多个增强的脑区域。

　　This recent research about the mental benefits of playing music has advanced our understanding of mental function,  这有关演奏音乐对脑有益处的近期研究提升了我们对脑功能的理解，

　　revealing the inner rhythms and complex interplay that make up the amazing orchestra of our brain. 显示出构成脑内精彩管弦乐团内在的节奏以及复杂的互动。

1 retrieving   

n.检索（过程），取还v.取回( retrieve的现在分词 )；恢复；寻回；检索（储存的信息）

参考例句：

• Ignoring all, he searches the ground carefully for any cigarette-end worth retrieving. 没管打锣的说了什么，他留神的在地上找，看有没有值得拾起来的烟头儿。 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子
• Retrieving the nodules from these great depths is no easy task. 从这样的海底深渊中取回结核可不是容易的事情。 来自辞典例句

2 efficiently   

adv.高效率地，有能力地

参考例句：

• The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
• Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。

3 aesthetic   

adj.美学的，审美的，有美感

参考例句：

• My aesthetic standards are quite different from his.我的审美标准与他的大不相同。
• The professor advanced a new aesthetic theory.那位教授提出了新的美学理论。

4 cognitive   

adj.认知的，认识的，有感知的

参考例句：

• As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大，他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
• The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。

5 neural   

adj.神经的，神经系统的

参考例句：

• The neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。
• The information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。