TED演讲:碳水化合物是怎么作用于你的健康的(3)

 　　When you eat and your blood sugar rises, insulin is secreted¹ into the blood. 当你吃东西导致血糖升高的时候，胰岛素会被分泌到血液中。

　　It prompts your muscle and fat cells to let glucose² in and jump starts the conversion³ of sugar to energy. 它促进你的肌肉和脂肪细胞吸收葡萄糖，并且快速开始从糖到能量的转换。

　　The degree to which a unit of insulin lowers the blood sugar helps us understand something called insulin sensitivity. 单位量的胰岛素降低血糖的程度能帮助我们理解所谓的胰岛素敏感性。

　　The more a given unit of insulin lowers blood sugar, the more sensitive you are to insulin. 给定单位量的胰岛素降低的血糖浓度越多，就说明你对胰岛素越敏感。

　　If insulin sensitivity goes down, that's known as insulin resistance. 如果胰岛素敏感度降低，就被称为胰岛素抗性。

　　The pancreas still sends out insulin, but cells, especially muscle cells,  胰腺仍然会释放胰岛素，但是细胞，特别是肌肉细胞，

　　are less and less responsive to it, so blood sugar fails to decrease, and blood insulin continues to rise. 对胰岛素做出的反应越来越少，因此血糖浓度无法降低，而血液中胰岛素还会持续增加。

　　Chronically⁴ consuming a lot of carbohydrates⁵ may lead to insulin resistance,  长期摄入大量碳水化合物可能会导致胰岛素抗性，

　　and many scientists believe that insulin resistance leads to a serious condition called metabolic⁶ syndrome⁷. 许多科学家们相信胰岛素抗性会导致一种严重的病，叫做代谢综合征。

　　That involves a constellation⁸ of symptoms, including high blood sugar,  代谢综合征有许多症状，包括高血糖，

　　increased waist circumference⁹, and high blood pressure. 变大的腰围，和高血压。

　　It increases the risk of developing conditions, like cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes¹⁰. 它增加了患病的风险，比如心血管疾病和II型糖尿病。

　　And its prevalence is rapidly increasing all over the world. 代谢综合征的患病率在全球范围内增长迅速。

　　As much as 32% of the population in the U.S. has metabolic syndrome. 多达32%的美国人患有代谢综合征。

　　So let's get back to your diet. 再回到你的日常饮食吧。

　　Whether your food tastes sweet or not, sugar is sugar, and too many carbs can be a problem. 不管你的食物尝起来甜不甜，糖就是糖，摄入过多的碳水化合物会引发健康问题。

　　So maybe you'll want to take a pass on that pasta sushi roll pita burrito donut burger sandwich. 那么你也许不会再选择吃意大利面，寿司，皮塔饼，墨西哥玉米卷，甜甜圈，汉堡和三明治了吧。

1 secreted   

v.（尤指动物或植物器官）分泌( secrete的过去式和过去分词 )；隐匿，隐藏

参考例句：

• Insulin is secreted by the pancreas. 胰岛素是胰腺分泌的。
• He secreted his winnings in a drawer. 他把赢来的钱藏在抽届里。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 glucose   

n.葡萄糖

参考例句：

• I gave him an extra dose of glucose to pep him up.我给他多注射了一剂葡萄糖以增强他的活力。
• The doctor injected glucose into his patient's veins.医生将葡萄糖注入病人的静脉。

3 conversion   

n.转化，转换，转变

参考例句：

• He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
• Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。

4 chronically   

ad.长期地

参考例句：

• Similarly, any pigment nevus that is chronically irritated should be excised. 同样，凡是经常受慢性刺激的各种色素痣切勿予以切除。
• People chronically exposed to chlorine develop some degree of tolerance. 人长期接触氯气可以产生某种程度的耐受性。

5 carbohydrates   

n.碳水化合物，糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 )；淀粉质或糖类食物

参考例句：

• The plant uses the carbohydrates to make cellulose. 植物用碳水化合物制造纤维素。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。 来自辞典例句

6 metabolic   

adj.新陈代谢的

参考例句：

• Impressive metabolic alternations have been undergone during embryogenesis.在胚胎发生期间经历了深刻的代谢变化。
• A number of intoxicants are associated with metabolic acidosis.许多毒性物质可引起代谢性酸中毒。

7 syndrome   

n.综合病症；并存特性

参考例句：

• The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
• Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。

8 constellation   

n.星座n.灿烂的一群

参考例句：

• A constellation is a pattern of stars as seen from the earth. 一个星座只是从地球上看到的某些恒星的一种样子。
• The Big Dipper is not by itself a constellation. 北斗七星本身不是一个星座。

9 circumference   

n.圆周，周长，圆周线

参考例句：

• It's a mile round the circumference of the field.运动场周长一英里。
• The diameter and the circumference of a circle correlate.圆的直径与圆周有相互关系。

10 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。