TED演讲:麸质有什么大不了的(2)

 　　Celiac disease is an inherited disease, 乳糜泻是遗传性疾病，

　　in which eating foods with gluten leads to inflammation and damage of the lining¹ of the small intestine². 患者在进食麩质食物时，会出现发炎，并损害小肠绒毛。

　　This impairs³ intestinal⁴ function, leading to problems like belly⁵ pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea, weight loss, skin rash,  这会伤害肠道功能，带来一系列症状，例如腹痛、腹胀、腹气、腹泻、体重减轻、皮疹、

　　bone problems like osteoporosis, iron deficiency, small stature⁶, infertility⁷, fatigue⁸ and depression. 骨骼问题譬如骨质疏松症、缺铁、身材矮小、不孕、疲劳和抑郁等。

　　Untreated, celiac disease increases the risk of developing certain types of cancer. 如不治疗，乳糜泻会增加罹患某些癌症的风险。

　　Celiac disease is present in one in every 100 to 200 persons in the U.S. 目前在美国，每100至200人中就有一人患乳糜泻。

　　When blood tests suggest the possibility of celiac, the diagnosis⁹ is confirmed with a biopsy. 当血液测试显示可能患乳糜泻时，可通过切片检查来确定诊断。

　　The most effective treatment is a gluten-free diet, which helps heal intestinal damage and improve symptoms. 最有效的治疗方法是无麩质饮食，这会帮助治愈肠道损伤，改善症状。

　　Some people don't have celiac disease or a wheat allergy¹⁰, 有些人没有乳糜泻或小麦过敏，

　　but still experience symptoms when they eat foods with gluten. 但他们吃麩质食物时，仍然会出现一些症状。

　　These people have non-celiac gluten sensitivity. 这类人有非乳糜泻麩质敏感。

　　They experience painful gut¹¹ symptoms and suffer from fatigue, brain fog, joint¹² pain or skin rash. 他们会有一些痛苦的肠道症状，出现疲劳、脑雾、关节痛或皮疹。

　　A gluten-free diet typically helps with these symptoms. 无麩质饮食一般会帮助缓解这些症状。

　　So how many people actually have this gluten sensitivity you speak of? 那到底有多少人有这种麩质敏感症？

　　Gluten sensitivity's occurrence in the general population is unclear, 麩质敏感症在一般人口中的盛行率并不清楚，

　　but likely much more common than wheat allergy or celiac disease. 但可能比小麦过敏或乳糜泻要广泛得多。

　　Diagnosis is based on the development of symptoms, 麩质敏感的诊断要依据症状如何发展，

　　the absence of wheat allergy and celiac disease, and subsequent improvement on a gluten-free diet. 没有小麦过敏和乳糜泻，以及采用无麩质饮食后的改善状况而定。

1 lining   

n.衬里，衬料

参考例句：

• The lining of my coat is torn.我的外套衬里破了。
• Moss makes an attractive lining to wire baskets.用苔藓垫在铁丝篮里很漂亮。

2 intestine   

adj.内部的；国内的；n.肠

参考例句：

• This vitamin is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine.这种维生素通过小肠壁被吸收。
• The service productivity is the function,including external efficiency,intestine efficiency and capacity efficiency.服务业的生产率是一个包含有外部效率、内部效率和能力效率的函数。

3 impairs   

v.损害，削弱( impair的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Smoking impairs our health. 吸烟会损害我们的健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Almost anything that impairs liver function can cause hepatitis. 任何有损于肝功能的因素，几乎都会引起肝炎。 来自辞典例句

4 intestinal   

adj.肠的；肠壁；肠道细菌

参考例句：

• A few other conditions are in high intestinal obstruction. 其它少数情况是高位肠梗阻。 来自辞典例句
• This complication has occasionally occurred following the use of intestinal antiseptics. 这种并发症偶而发生在使用肠道抗菌剂上。 来自辞典例句

5 belly   

n.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛

参考例句：

• The boss has a large belly.老板大腹便便。
• His eyes are bigger than his belly.他眼馋肚饱。

6 stature   

n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材

参考例句：

• He is five feet five inches in stature.他身高5英尺5英寸。
• The dress models are tall of stature.时装模特儿的身材都较高。

7 infertility   

n.不肥沃，不毛；不育

参考例句：

• It is the Geneva, Switzerland-based Biotech Company's second recombinant infertility drug. 它是瑞士生物技术公司在日内瓦的公司生产的第二种重组治疗不孕症的药。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术制药疫苗
• Endometritis is a cause of infertility. 子宫内膜炎是不育的原子。 来自辞典例句

8 fatigue   

n.疲劳，劳累

参考例句：

• The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
• I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。

9 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

10 allergy   

n.(因食物、药物等而引起的)过敏症

参考例句：

• He developed an allergy to pollen.他对花粉过敏。
• The patient had an allergy to penicillin.该患者对青霉素过敏。

11 gut   

n.[pl.]胆量；内脏；adj.本能的；vt.取出内脏

参考例句：

• It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
• My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。

12 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。