TED演讲:交流不畅是怎么产生的(2)

 　　Remember that game of catch? 还记得刚刚的接球游戏吗？

　　Imagine it with a lump of clay. 让我们把球想像成一块软软的黏土。

　　As each person touches it, they shape it to fit their own unique perceptions based on any number of variables, 当每个人接到它时会受很多因素的影响，每个人会把它捏成符合自己独特知觉的形状。

　　like knowledge or past experience, age, race, gender¹, ethnicity, religion, or family background. 这些影响因素包括阅历，年龄，种族，性别，民族，宗教，或家庭背景。

　　Simultaneously², every person interprets the message they receive based on their relationship with the other person, 与此同时，人们会根据自己与对方的关系

　　and their unique understanding of the semantics and connotations of the exact words being used. 以及自己对语言的独特解释来理解对方说的话。

　　They could also be distracted by other stimuli³, such as traffic or a growling⁴ stomach. 人们有时也会被其他事物分心，比如堵车，肚子叫了。

　　Even emotion might cloud their understanding, and by adding more people into a conversation,  甚至情绪也会干扰人们对事物的理解。而且，当谈话的参与人数增加，

　　each with their own subjectivities, the complexity⁵ of communication grows exponentially. 每个人都带着主观性，交流的复杂程度就会飙升。

　　So as the lump of clay goes back and forth⁶ from one person to another, reworked, reshaped, and always changing, 黏土块在人们之间不断传递，重塑，变形，

　　it's no wonder our messages sometimes turn into a mush of miscommunication. 难怪我们的讯息有时会变成一堆交流不畅的烂泥巴。

　　But, luckily, there are some simple practices that can help us all navigate⁷ our daily interactions for better communication. 但幸运的是，一些练习能帮助我们掌控日常互动从而达到顺畅交流。

　　One: recognize that passive hearing and active listening are not the same. 练习一：首先你要意识到，被动聆听和主动聆听是有区别的。

　　Engage actively⁸ with the verbal and nonverbal feedback of others, and adjust your message to faciliate greater understanding. 要积极去感受他人言语和非言语信息，并通过调整你的表达来促使对方更好地理解你。

　　Two: listen with your eyes and ears, as well as with your gut⁹. 练习二：聆听时要用到你的眼，耳，甚至内脏。

　　Remember that communication is more than just words. 记住，交流并不仅限于文字交流。

　　Three: take time to understand as you try to be understood. 练习三：理解他人和试图被他人理解都要慢慢来。

　　In the rush to express ourselves, it's easy to forget that communication is a two-way street. 如果急于表达自己的看法，就容易忘记交流其实是双向的。

　　Be open to what the other person might say. 要善于接受对方可能说的话。

　　And finally, four: Be aware of your personal perceptual filters. 最后，练习四：要意识到自己的“感知过滤器”。

　　Elements of your experience, including your culture, community, and family, influence how you see the world. 你的阅历，包括文化，社群和家庭环境，都会影响你如何看待这个世界。

　　Say, "This is how I see the problem, but how do you see it?" 你要说：“我是这样看这个问题的，你呢？”

　　Don't assume that your perception is the objective truth. 不要以为你的主观看法都是客观真理。

　　That'll help you work toward sharing a dialogue with others to reach a common understanding together. 这个练习可以帮你改进与他人的谈话从而达成互相理解。

1 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

2 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

3 stimuli   

n.刺激（物）

参考例句：

• It is necessary to curtail or alter normally coexisting stimuli.必需消除或改变正常时并存的刺激。
• My sweat glands also respond to emotional stimuli.我的汗腺对情绪刺激也能产生反应。

4 growling   

n.吠声, 咆哮声 v.怒吠, 咆哮, 吼

参考例句：

• We heard thunder growling in the distance. 我们听见远处有隆隆雷声。
• The lay about the deck growling together in talk. 他们在甲板上到处游荡，聚集在一起发牢骚。

5 complexity   

n.复杂(性)，复杂的事物

参考例句：

• Only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
• The complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。

6 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

7 navigate   

v.航行，飞行；导航，领航

参考例句：

• He was the first man to navigate the Atlantic by air.他是第一个飞越大西洋的人。
• Such boats can navigate on the Nile.这种船可以在尼罗河上航行。

8 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

9 gut   

n.[pl.]胆量；内脏；adj.本能的；vt.取出内脏

参考例句：

• It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
• My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。