TED演讲:压力会造成青春痘吗(2)

 　　The hypothalamus, the master controller of your hormones², releases something called corticotropin-releasing hormone¹. 下视丘是控制荷尔蒙的主宰，它会释放一种叫“促肾上腺皮质释放素”的物质。

　　This triggers the pituitary gland³, a pea-sized gland found at the base of the brain, to release adrenocorticotropic hormone 这会促进脑下垂体——这个你脑部深处豌豆般大的腺体释放促肾上腺皮质素，

　　which then stimulates⁴ the adrenal gland sitting on top of the kidneys to release cortisol, the major stress hormone. 让它刺激肾脏上方的肾上腺，释放主要的压力荷尔蒙：肾上腺皮质醇。

　　These natural chemicals are a great help when you need to run away quickly, 这种天然化合物可以让你跑得更快

　　or do superhuman feats⁵ of courage, but when you're simply sitting, 或激发出超人般的勇气，但你若不为所动，

　　these stress hormones collect in the body and affect your overall health. 荷尔蒙累积的结果会影响健康。

　　Stress hormones increase inflammation in the body, suppress the immune system, 压力荷尔蒙促进发炎反应压抑免疫系统，

　　which makes you more susceptible⁶ to infection by acne-causing bacteria, 这让你更容易受到造成粉刺的细菌感染，

　　and can even increase oil production in the skin. 也会增加皮肤油脂的分泌。

　　And this is the perfect storm for forming a pimple⁷. 这些加起来就是产生青春痘的完美组合。

　　Cortisol is a major stress hormone involved in making skin cells churn out oily lipids from special glands⁸ called sebaceous glands. 肾上腺皮质醇让皮肤细胞从皮脂腺分泌油脂。

　　But when there's too much of these oily lipids, called sebum, 若是这些皮脂累积太多就会堵在分泌口造成肿胀发炎，

　　they can plug up the swollen⁹, inflamed¹⁰ pores and trap the pesky, acne-causing bacteria inside, 并将讨厌的会造成粉刺的细菌包在里面，

　　where they set up house and thrive. 细菌就会在此繁衍。

　　Add a dash of inflammatory neuropeptides released by the nervous system when you're, well, nervous, and angry zits follow. 再加上你紧张时神经系统释放和发炎相关的神经肽，就会造成青春痘。

　　To make matters worse, Justin is a boy, meaning he's got more testosterone than girls. 雪上加霜的是，身为男性，贾斯汀的睾丸素比女生多。

　　Testosterone is another hormone that increases oil production in the skin. 睾丸素是另一种促进皮肤油脂分泌的荷尔蒙。

　　So, his already oily skin, together with a boost in oil and inflammation from stress, 所以他的皮肤本来就很油，再加上压力促进发炎反应和出油，

　　is the perfect environment for bacteria to swell¹¹, swell, swell up into a major zit. 就形成了细菌的温床并肿胀成一颗大痘痘。

　　So what could've Justin done to avoid the big pimple? 贾斯汀该如何避免长青春痘呢？

　　Stressful situations are unavoidable. 压力环境无可避免。

　　But we can try to change our responses so that we're not so stressed in the end. 但是我们可以改变心境让自己减少感受到的压力。

　　And had he been confident in approaching her, she might not have noticed the pimple, or he might not have had one. 而他若是自信地走向她，她可能就不会注意到他脸上的痘痘，或者他脸上根本不会长痘痘。

1 hormone   

n.荷尔蒙，激素，内分泌

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

2 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

3 gland   

n.腺体，(机)密封压盖，填料盖

参考例句：

• This is a snake's poison gland.这就是蛇的毒腺。
• Her mother has an underactive adrenal gland.她的母亲肾上腺机能不全。

4 stimulates   

v.刺激( stimulate的第三人称单数 )；激励；使兴奋；起兴奋作用，起刺激作用，起促进作用

参考例句：

• Exercise stimulates the body. 运动促进身体健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Alcohol stimulates the action of the heart. 酒刺激心脏的活动。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

5 feats   

功绩，伟业，技艺( feat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He used to astound his friends with feats of physical endurance. 过去，他表现出来的惊人耐力常让朋友们大吃一惊。
• His heroic feats made him a legend in his own time. 他的英雄业绩使他成了他那个时代的传奇人物。

6 susceptible   

adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

参考例句：

• Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
• We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。

7 pimple   

n.丘疹，面泡，青春豆

参考例句：

• His face was covered with pimples.他满脸粉刺。
• This is also a way to prevent the pimple.这也是防止疙瘩的一个途径。

8 glands   

n.腺( gland的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a snake's poison glands 蛇的毒腺
• the sebaceous glands in the skin 皮脂腺

9 swollen   

adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀

参考例句：

• Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着，她的双腿已经肿了。
• A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她，她的手臂肿起来了。

10 inflamed   

adj.发炎的，红肿的v.（使）变红，发怒，过热( inflame的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• His comments have inflamed teachers all over the country. 他的评论激怒了全国教师。
• Her joints are severely inflamed. 她的关节严重发炎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 swell   

vi.膨胀，肿胀；增长，增强

参考例句：

• The waves had taken on a deep swell.海浪汹涌。
• His injured wrist began to swell.他那受伤的手腕开始肿了。