TED演讲:对妇女的暴力行为

 　　I'm going to share with you 我今天要与你分享

　　a paradigm-shifting perspective 一个看待性别暴力问题

　　on the issues of gender¹ violence -- 的全新视角。

　　sexual assault, domestic violence, relationship abuse, 性侵扰，家庭暴力，男女关系暴力，

　　sexual harassment², sexual abuse of children. 性虐待，儿童性虐待。

　　That whole range of issues that I'll refer to in shorthand 我将这一系列的问题简短称为

　　as "gender violence issues," “性别暴力问题。”

　　they've been seen as women's issues that some good men 这些问题常被看作为需要男性帮助解决的女性问题，

　　help out with, but I have a problem with that frame 但是我觉得这个看法有问题，

　　and I don't accept it. 并且我不认可它。

　　I don't see these as women's issues that some good men help out with. 我不认为这是一个需要男性助阵的女性问题。

　　In fact, I'm going to argue that these are men's issues, 我认为这些本质上

　　first and foremost. 就是男人的问题。

　　Now obviously, they're also women's issues, 显然，这些问题也有女性的，

　　so I appreciate that, but calling 这我也理解，

　　gender violence a women's issue is part of the problem, 但是将性别暴力问题称为女性问题

　　for a number of reasons. 是问题之一。

　　The first is that it gives men an excuse not to pay attention. 首先这给了男性一个不关注的借口，对吧？

　　Right? A lot of men hear the term "women's issues" 很多男人听见“女性问题”这个词，

　　and we tend to tune³ it out, and we think, 就不以为然，觉得

　　"Hey, I'm a guy. That's for the girls," or "That's for the women." “嘿，我是个男人，这些是女孩子的问题”，或者“这些是女人的问题。”

　　And a lot of men literally⁴ don't get beyond the first sentence 因此，很多男人在听到性别暴力这个词语的时候

　　as a result. 就变得漠然了。

　　It's almost like a chip in our brain is activated⁵, 就好像我们大脑中的一个芯片被激活了，

　　and the neural⁶ pathways take our attention in a different direction 然后神经系统把我们的注意力带到其他方向，

　　when we hear the term "women's issues." 每当我们听到“女性问题”这个词的时候。

　　This is also true, by the way, of the word "gender," 对于“性别”这个词也是一样。

　　because a lot of people hear the word "gender" 因为很多人听到“性别”这个词

　　and they think it means "women." 他们觉得它表示“女人”。

　　So they think that gender issues is synonymous with women's issues. 所以他们觉得“性别问题”和“女性问题“是同义词。

　　There's some confusion about the term gender. 我们对”性别“这个词存在着一些误解。

　　And actually, let me illustrate⁷ that confusion by way of analogy. 让我来用一个例子解释这个误解。

　　So let's talk for a moment about race. 让我们来聊一下种族。

　　In the U.S., when we hear the word "race," 在美国，当我们听到“种族”这个词

　　a lot of people think that means African-American, 很多人觉得它代表非裔美国人，

　　Latino, Asian-American, Native American, 拉丁美洲人，亚洲籍美国人，美洲原住民

　　South Asian, Pacific Islander, on and on. 南亚人，太平洋岛人，等等。

　　A lot of people, when they hear the word "sexual orientation⁸" 当很多人听到“性取向”这个词，

　　think it means gay, lesbian, bisexual. 他们觉得这代表同性恋和双性恋。

　　And a lot of people, when they hear the word "gender," 还有很多人听到“性别”这个词，

　　think it means women. In each case, 他们觉它代表着“女人”。

　　the dominant⁹ group doesn't get paid attention to. 在这些情况下，主流群体都没有被包括在内。

　　Right? As if white people don't have some sort of racial identity 不是吗？这就好像白人没有某种意义上的种族身份

　　or belong to some racial category or construct, 好像属于某个种族类别或构造，

　　as if heterosexual people don't have a sexual orientation, 好像异性恋者没有性取向，

　　as if men don't have a gender. 好像男人没有性别。

　　This is one of the ways that dominant systems maintain 这是一种主流群体自我维持与自我繁育的方式。

　　and reproduce themselves, which is to say 也就是说

　　the dominant group is rarely challenged to even think about its dominance, 主流群体很少受挑战的去思考他们的主流地位。

　　because that's one of the key characteristics 这就是所谓权利与特权的一个重要特点，

　　of power and privilege, the ability to go unexamined, 拥有不被审查的能力，缺乏反省。

　　lacking introspection, in fact being rendered invisible 事实上，我们喜欢假装自己是透明人

　　in large measure in the discourse¹⁰ 虽然这些都是

　　about issues that are primarily about us. 与我们本身有关的问题

　　And this is amazing how this works 令人吃惊的是这“自我无视”的心理

　　in domestic and sexual violence, 在家庭性暴力和性暴力中扮演的角色。

　　how men have been largely erased¹¹ from so much 男人的角色变得可有可无，

　　of the conversation about a subject 虽然这明明是在

　　that is centrally about men. 一个主要关于他们的话题。

　　And I'm going to illustrate what I'm talking about 在此我将用些老手法

　　by using the old tech. 来解释我刚才说的话。

　　I'm old school on some fundamental regards. 在一些基础的问题上我是很传统的。

　　I work with -- I make films -- and I work with high tech, 虽然我会制作电影，并且与高科技工作，

　　but I'm still old school as an educator, 但是作为一个教育者我还是传统的，

　　and I want to share with you this exercise 在此我想与大家分享一个

　　that illustrates¹² on the sentence structure level 解释句子构造上的练习。

　　how the way that we think, 真的就是我们思考的方式。

　　literally the way that we use language, 当我们使用语言的方式去表达时，

　　conspires¹³ to keep our attention off of men. 在我们自己不知情的情况下间接地撇开了男人的注意力。

　　This is about domestic violence in particular, 这特别是关于家庭暴力的问题，

　　but you can plug in other analogues¹⁴. 但是你可以使用类似的例子。

1 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

2 harassment   

n.骚扰，扰乱，烦恼，烦乱

参考例句：

• She often got telephone harassment at night these days.这些天她经常在夜晚受到电话骚扰。
• The company prohibits any form of harassment.公司禁止任何形式的骚扰行为。

3 tune   

n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整

参考例句：

• He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。
• The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。

4 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

5 activated   

adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The canister is filled with activated charcoal.蒸气回收罐中充满了活性炭。

6 neural   

adj.神经的，神经系统的

参考例句：

• The neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。
• The information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。

7 illustrate   

v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图

参考例句：

• The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
• This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。

8 orientation   

n.方向，目标；熟悉，适应，情况介绍

参考例句：

• Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
• The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。

9 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

10 discourse   

n.论文，演说；谈话；话语；vi.讲述，著述

参考例句：

• We'll discourse on the subject tonight.我们今晚要谈论这个问题。
• He fell into discourse with the customers who were drinking at the counter.他和站在柜台旁的酒客谈了起来。

11 erased   

v.擦掉( erase的过去式和过去分词 )；抹去；清除

参考例句：

• He erased the wrong answer and wrote in the right one. 他擦去了错误答案，写上了正确答案。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He removed the dogmatism from politics; he erased the party line. 他根除了政治中的教条主义，消除了政党界限。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 illustrates   

给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 )； 说明； 表明； （用示例、图画等）说明

参考例句：

• This historical novel illustrates the breaking up of feudal society in microcosm. 这部历史小说是走向崩溃的封建社会的缩影。
• Alfred Adler, a famous doctor, had an experience which illustrates this. 阿尔弗莱德 - 阿德勒是一位著名的医生，他有过可以说明这点的经历。 来自中级百科部分

13 conspires   

密谋( conspire的第三人称单数 )； 搞阴谋； （事件等）巧合； 共同导致

参考例句：

• You speak as if all Sparta conspires against you. 你说得好像整个斯巴达在共谋对抗你。
• The mystical organization syndicate, conspires to harass the social order. 神秘组织辛迪加，密谋扰乱社会治安。

14 analogues   

相似物( analogue的名词复数 )； 类似物； 类比； 同源词

参考例句：

• A vegetarian gets protein not from meat but from its analogues. 素食者所摄取的蛋白质不是来自肉类而是来自近似肉类的食物。
• Moreover, it tends to foster the human qualities that I admire most-courage and its analogues. 不但如此，它还能培养我最景仰的那些德性-勇敢和诸如此类的东西。