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TED演讲: 谈语言和思想(7)

时间:2018-11-06 02:04来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   Just to give you a few examples: "ending a pregnancy1" versus2 "killing3 a fetus4;" 这里是一些例子:是“终止怀孕”还是“杀死胚胎”

  "a ball of cells" versus "an unborn child;" “一个细胞聚合的小球”还是“一个尚未出生的孩子”
  "invading Iraq" versus "liberating5 Iraq;" “侵略伊拉克”或是“解放伊拉克”
  "redistributing wealth" versus "confiscating6 earnings7." “收入重新分配”抑或“没收财产”
  And I think the biggest picture of all would take seriously the fact 而整个图景中最显著的一部分是要看到一点:
  that so much of our verbiage8 about abstract events is based on a concrete metaphor9 就是我们对抽象事件的描述,大多都是基于实体的隐喻
  and see human intelligence itself as consisting of a repertoire10 of concepts 这反映出人类智能本身是由一整套概念组成
  such as objects, space, time, causation and intention 比如物体、空间、时间,因果关系与意图
  which are useful in a social, knowledge-intensive species,  对我们这种群居的、知识密集型的种群非常有用
  whose evolution you can well imagine, and a process of metaphorical11 abstraction 我们能想象人类的进化和语言的隐喻抽象化过程齐轨并行
  that allows us to bleach12 these concepts of their original conceptual content 慢慢地这些概念里原先的实际内容就淡化了
  space, time and force -- and apply them to new abstract domains13, 空间、时间和力--而它们却被用在全新的抽象领域里
  therefore allowing a species that evolved to deal with rocks and tools and animals, 如此就使得我们这个原本是进化出来,和石头、工具与动物打交道的种群
  to conceptualize mathematics, physics, law and other abstract domains. 能够形成数学、物理、法律等等概念,涉足其他抽象的领域
  Well, I said I'd talk about two windows on human nature 我曾说过我要谈谈人性的两扇窗户
  the cognitive14 machinery15 with which we conceptualize the world,  我们用来概念化世界的知性机能
  and now I'm going to say a few words about the relationship types  现在我要说说几种人际关系
  that govern human social interaction, again, as reflected in language. 它们支配着人类的社交活动,同样,这些都体现在语言里
  And I'll start out with a puzzle, the puzzle of indirect speech acts.  我要从间接话语行为这个谜题开始。

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 pregnancy lPwxP     
n.怀孕,怀孕期
参考例句:
  • Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
  • Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。
2 versus wi7wU     
prep.以…为对手,对;与…相比之下
参考例句:
  • The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
  • The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
3 killing kpBziQ     
n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财
参考例句:
  • Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
  • Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
4 fetus ekHx3     
n.胎,胎儿
参考例句:
  • In the fetus,blood cells are formed in different sites at different ages.胎儿的血细胞在不同时期生成在不同的部位。
  • No one knows why a fetus is not automatically rejected by the mother's immune system. 没有人知道为什么母亲的免疫系统不会自动排斥胎儿。
5 liberating f5d558ed9cd728539ee8f7d9a52a7668     
解放,释放( liberate的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Revolution means liberating the productive forces. 革命就是为了解放生产力。
  • They had already taken on their shoulders the burden of reforming society and liberating mankind. 甚至在这些集会聚谈中,他们就已经夸大地把改革社会、解放人群的责任放在自己的肩头了。 来自汉英文学 - 家(1-26) - 家(1-26)
6 confiscating 47cc2d3927999f90a74354110e4aca8d     
没收(confiscate的现在分词形式)
参考例句:
  • There was Mame by my side confiscating my intellects and attention. 有玛米坐在我身边,害得我心不在焉。
  • Intimidate book sellers by confiscating books deemed unfavourable to the Barisan government. 充公被视为对国阵不利的书籍,威胁书商。
7 earnings rrWxJ     
n.工资收人;利润,利益,所得
参考例句:
  • That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
  • Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。
8 verbiage wLyzq     
n.冗词;冗长
参考例句:
  • Stripped of their pretentious verbiage,his statements come dangerously close to inviting racial hatred.抛开那些夸大其词的冗词赘语不论,他的言论有挑起种族仇恨的危险。
  • Even in little 140-character bites,that's a lot of verbiage.即使限制在一条140个字也有很大一部分是废话。
9 metaphor o78zD     
n.隐喻,暗喻
参考例句:
  • Using metaphor,we say that computers have senses and a memory.打个比方,我们可以说计算机有感觉和记忆力。
  • In poetry the rose is often a metaphor for love.玫瑰在诗中通常作为爱的象征。
10 repertoire 2BCze     
n.(准备好演出的)节目,保留剧目;(计算机的)指令表,指令系统, <美>(某个人的)全部技能;清单,指令表
参考例句:
  • There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute.有很多供长笛演奏的曲目。
  • He has added considerably to his piano repertoire.他的钢琴演奏曲目大大增加了。
11 metaphorical OotzLw     
a.隐喻的,比喻的
参考例句:
  • Here, then, we have a metaphorical substitution on a metonymic axis. 这样,我们在换喻(者翻译为转喻,一种以部分代替整体的修辞方法)上就有了一个隐喻的替代。
  • So, in a metaphorical sense, entropy is arrow of time. 所以说,我们可以这样作个比喻:熵像是时间之矢。
12 bleach Rtpz6     
vt.使漂白;vi.变白;n.漂白剂
参考例句:
  • These products don't bleach the hair.这些产品不会使头发变白。
  • Did you bleach this tablecloth?你把这块桌布漂白了吗?
13 domains e4e46deb7f9cc58c7abfb32e5570b6f3     
n.范围( domain的名词复数 );领域;版图;地产
参考例句:
  • The theory of thermodynamics links the macroscopic and submicroscopic domains. 热力学把宏观世界同亚微观世界联系起来。 来自辞典例句
  • All three flow domains are indicated by shading. 所有三个流动区域都是用阴影部分表示的。 来自辞典例句
14 cognitive Uqwz0     
adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
参考例句:
  • As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
  • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
15 machinery CAdxb     
n.(总称)机械,机器;机构
参考例句:
  • Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗?
  • Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。
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