TED演讲：肢体语言塑造你自己(6)

 　　So the second question really was, you know, so we know that our minds change our bodies, 第二个问题就是，我们知道心理状态会影响我们的身体，

　　but is it also true that our bodies change our minds? 那身体是否能影响心理呢？

　　And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what am I talking about? 这里所说的心理充满力量，究竟指的是什么？

　　So I'm talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological¹ things that make up our thoughts and feelings, 我指的是想法和感觉，以及可以组成我们想法和感受的实际事物，

　　and in my case, that's hormones³. I look at hormones. 我这里是指荷尔蒙。我指的是这个。

　　So what do the minds of the powerful versus⁴ the powerless look like? 充满力量和没有力量的心智，是什么样的呢？

　　So powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, more assertive⁵ and more confident, more optimistic. 毫不令人意外，心理坚强的人往往比较果断、自信且乐观。

　　They actually feel they're going to win even at games of chance. 就连在赌注里也觉得他们会赢。

　　They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. So there are a lot of differences. They take more risks. 他们也倾向于能够抽象地思考。所以这其中有很大区别。他们更敢于冒险。

　　There are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people. 充满力量与充满无力感的人差别真的很大。

　　Physiologically⁶, there also are differences on two key hormones: 在生理上，有两个重要的荷尔蒙对此有影响：

　　testosterone, which is the dominance hormone², and cortisol, which is the stress hormone. 一个是睾酮，是一种支配性荷尔蒙，另一个是皮质醇，是一种压力荷尔蒙。

　　So what we find is that high-power alpha males in primate⁷ hierarchies⁸ have high testosterone and low cortisol, 我们发现，灵长类里的雄性首领有大量的睾酮和低量的皮质醇，

　　and powerful and effective leaders also have high testosterone and low cortisol. 强势，高效能的领袖人物也有大量的睾酮与低量的皮质醇。

　　So what does that mean? When you think about power, people tended to think only about testosterone, because that was about dominance. 这意味着什么？当你想到力量，人们往往只想到睾酮，因为它代表支配统治。

　　But really, power is also about how you react to stress. 但力量其实也和如何处理压力有关。

　　So do you want the high-power leader that's dominant⁹, high on testosterone, but really stress reactive? Probably not, right? 所以你会想要一个有着很高浓度的睾酮，但同时又高度紧张的领导吗？大概不会吧，不是吗？

　　You want the person who's powerful and assertive and dominant, but not very stress reactive, the person who's laid back. 你会希望那个人是充满力量，肯定果断且非常强势，但也不会对压力反应过度，不能轻松以对。

1 physiological   

adj.生理学的，生理学上的

参考例句：

• He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
• Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。

2 hormone   

n.荷尔蒙，激素，内分泌

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

3 hormones   

n. 荷尔蒙，激素 名词hormone的复数形式

参考例句：

• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
• The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

4 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。

5 assertive   

adj.果断的，自信的，有冲劲的

参考例句：

• She always speaks an assertive tone.她总是以果断的语气说话。
• China appears to have become more assertive in the waters off its coastline over recent years.在近些年，中国显示出对远方海洋的自信。

6 physiologically   

ad.生理上，在生理学上

参考例句：

• Therefore, the liver and gallbladder cannot be completely separated physiologically and pathologically. 因此，肝胆在生理和病理上不能完全分离。
• Therefore, the liver and gallbladder are closely related physiologically and pathologically. 因此，肝胆在生理和病理上紧密联系。

7 primate   

n.灵长类（目）动物，首席主教；adj.首要的

参考例句：

• 14 percent of primate species are highly endangered.14%的灵长类物种处于高度濒危状态。
• The woolly spider monkey is the largest primate in the Americas.绒毛蛛猴是美洲最大的灵长类动物。

8 hierarchies   

等级制度( hierarchy的名词复数 )； 统治集团； 领导层； 层次体系

参考例句：

• That's a trip of two hierarchies. 那是两个领导层之间的互访。
• Hierarchies of authority, spans of control, long-range plans, and budgets. 等级森严的权力机构，控制范围，长期计划，预算。 来自英汉文学 - 廊桥遗梦

9 dominant   

adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因

参考例句：

• The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
• She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。