TED演讲:为什么头盔不能预防脑震荡?(4)

 Now, the way that we're approaching this problem to try to understand the mechanisms¹ of concussion² 当下，我们通过这样一个设备研究这一问题，从而试图理解脑震荡产生机制，

and to figure out if we can prevent it is we are using a device like this. It's a mouthguard. 并确定我们是否可以防治脑震荡，我们所采用的是这样一个设备。它是个牙套。

It has sensors³ in it that are essentially⁴ the same that are in your cell phone: accelerometers, gyroscopes, 它里面包含了和手机内置传感器类似的加速计和陀螺仪，

and when someone is struck in the head, it can tell you how their head moved at a thousand samples per second. 当一个人被击中头部时，它可以以每秒钟一千次的速度记录下头部的移动方式，

The principle behind the mouthguard is this: it fits onto your teeth. 这个牙套的原理在于它固定在牙齿上。

Your teeth are one of the hardest substances in your body. 而牙齿是人体内最坚硬的物质之一。

So it rigidly⁵ couples to your skull⁶ and gives you the most precise possible measurement of how the skull moves. 所以相当于它直接连接在颅骨上，从而可以最为精确地测算出颅骨的运动模式。

People have tried other approaches, with helmets. 研究者们也曾试验过其他方法，比如头盔。

We've looked at other sensors that go on your skin, and they all simply move around too much, 我们也曾实验过将传感器贴在皮肤上，但是它们移动得太多了，

and so we found that this is the only reliable way to take a good measurement. 所以我们发现这是可以得到精确测算的唯一可信方式。

So now that we've got this device, we can go beyond studying cadavers⁸, 现如今我们有了这一设备，就可以不仅限于研究尸体了，

because you can only learn so much about concussion from studying a cadaver⁷, and we want to learn and study live humans. 因为在尸体身上对脑震荡的研究已经近乎到达极限，我们想要进行活体实验。

So where can we find a group of willing volunteers to go out 在哪里才可以找到一组愿意经常出去

and smash their heads into each other on a regular basis and sustain concussion? 把头乱撞，从而患上脑震荡的志愿者呢？

Well, I was one of them, and it's your local friendly Stanford football team. 嗯，我就是其中一员，他们是你们友好的斯坦福橄榄球队。

So this is our laboratory, and I want to show you the first concussion we measured with this device. 所以这就是我们的实验室，我将向各位展示，我们通过这一设备测量到的第一例脑震荡。

One of the things that I should point out is the device has this gyroscope in it, 我需要指出一点：该设备中含有陀螺仪，

and that allows you to measure the rotation⁹ of the head. 它可以测出头部的旋转。

Most experts think that that's the critical factor that might start to tell us what is happening in concussion. 而绝大多数专家认为，头部的旋转或许是解释脑震荡成因的关键因素。

So please watch this video. 请看这段视频。

1 mechanisms   

n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 concussion   

n.脑震荡；震动

参考例句：

• He was carried off the field with slight concussion.他因轻微脑震荡给抬离了现场。
• She suffers from brain concussion.她得了脑震荡。

3 sensors   

n.传感器，灵敏元件( sensor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were more than 2000 sensors here. 这里装有两千多个灵敏元件。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Significant changes have been noted where sensors were exposed to trichloride. 当传感器暴露在三氯化物中时，有很大变化。 来自辞典例句

4 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

5 rigidly   

adv.刻板地，僵化地

参考例句：

• Life today is rigidly compartmentalized into work and leisure. 当今的生活被严格划分为工作和休闲两部分。
• The curriculum is rigidly prescribed from an early age. 自儿童时起即已开始有严格的课程设置。

6 skull   

n.头骨；颅骨

参考例句：

• The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
• He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。

7 cadaver   

n.尸体

参考例句：

• Examination of a cadaver is to determine the cause of death.尸体解剖是为了确认死亡原因。
• He looked down again at the gaping mouth of the cadaver.他的眼光不由自主地又落到了死人张大的嘴上。

8 cadavers   

n.尸体( cadaver的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Human cadavers were the only known source of hGH, and demand was intense. 人类尸体是hGH已知的惟一来源，而且需求广泛。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 口蹄疫疯牛病
• Will there be enough cadavers for each group this term? 这个学期每一个组都有足够的尸体吗？ 来自电影对白

9 rotation   

n.旋转；循环，轮流

参考例句：

• Crop rotation helps prevent soil erosion.农作物轮作有助于防止水土流失。
• The workers in this workshop do day and night shifts in weekly rotation.这个车间的工人上白班和上夜班每周轮换一次。