TED演讲:如何成为生化人并扩展人类潜能(3)

There are many ways in which to build new bodies across scale, from the biomolecular to the scale of tissues and organs.

有许多方法可以超越常规来建立新的身体，从生物分子层面到组织和器官层面。

Today, I want to talk about one area of NeuroEmbodied Design,

今天，我想谈谈神经体现设计中的一个领域，

in which the body's tissues are manipulated and sculpted¹ using surgical² and regenerative processes.

使用外科手术和再生技术，对人体组织进行处理和重塑。

The current amputation³ paradigm⁴ hasn't changed fundamentally since the US Civil War

自美国内战以来，截肢规范并没有发生根本性的改变，

and has grown obsolete⁵ in light of dramatic advancements⁶ in actuators, control systems and neural⁷ interfacing⁸ technologies.

随着执行器、控制系统和神经接口技术的迅猛发展，原来的截肢规范早已过时。

A major deficiency is the lack of dynamic muscle interactions for control and proprioception.

一个主要的缺陷是缺少了用来进行控制和本体感知的动态肌肉间的相互作用。

What is proprioception? When you flex⁹ your ankle, muscles in the front of your leg contract,

什么是本体感知呢？当你弯曲脚踝时，腿前部的肌肉就会收缩，

simultaneously¹⁰ stretching muscles in the back of your leg.

同时，腿后部的肌肉则会伸展。

The opposite happens when you extend your ankle.

当你伸展脚踝时，肌肉的作用正好相反。

Here, muscles in the back of your leg contract, stretching muscles in the front.

当腿后面的肌肉收缩时，腿前面的肌肉就会伸展。

When these muscles flex and extend, biological sensors¹¹ within the muscle tendons send information through nerves to the brain.

当这些肌肉弯曲和伸展时，肌肉肌腱内的生物传感器通过神经向大脑发送信息。

This is how we're able to feel where our feet are without seeing them with our eyes.

这就是为何我们根本不用看就能感觉到脚的位置。

1 sculpted   

adj.经雕塑的

参考例句：

• a display of animals sculpted in ice 冰雕动物展
• The ladies had their hair sculpted by the leading coiffeur of the day. 女士们的发型都是当代有名的理发师做的。

2 surgical   

adj.外科的，外科医生的，手术上的

参考例句：

• He performs the surgical operations at the Red Cross Hospital.他在红十字会医院做外科手术。
• All surgical instruments must be sterilised before use.所有的外科手术器械在使用之前，必须消毒。

3 amputation   

n.截肢

参考例句：

• In ancient India,adultery was punished by amputation of the nose.在古代印度，通奸要受到剖鼻的处罚。
• He lived only hours after the amputation.截肢后，他只活了几个小时。

4 paradigm   

n.例子，模范，词形变化表

参考例句：

• He had become the paradigm of the successful man. 他已经成为成功人士的典范。
• Moreover,the results of this research can be the new learning paradigm for digital design studios.除此之外，本研究的研究成果也可以为数位设计课程建立一个新的学习范例。

5 obsolete   

adj.已废弃的，过时的

参考例句：

• These goods are obsolete and will not fetch much on the market.这些货品过时了，在市场上卖不了高价。
• They tried to hammer obsolete ideas into the young people's heads.他们竭力把陈旧思想灌输给青年。

6 advancements   

n.（级别的）晋升( advancement的名词复数 )；前进；进展；促进

参考例句：

• Today, the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements. 当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Great advancements in drought prediction have been made in recent years. 近年来，人们对干旱灾害的预报研究取得了长足的进步。 来自互联网

7 neural   

adj.神经的，神经系统的

参考例句：

• The neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。
• The information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。

8 interfacing   

衬布，衬头

参考例句：

• Careful study of the data sheets and a programmable input-output port solve most A/D interfacing problems. 若详细研究一下说明书和可编程序的输入／输出端口，则大部分A／D转换器的接口问题都可得到解决。
• Detailed techniques will be presented here to solve all the common interfacing problems. 本书将详细介绍解决所有公共接口问题的技术。

9 flex   

n.皮线，花线；vt.弯曲或伸展

参考例句：

• We wound off a couple of yards of wire for a new lamp flex.我们解开几码电线作为新的电灯花线。
• He gave his biceps a flex to impress the ladies.他收缩他的肱二头肌以吸引那些女士们的目光。

10 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

11 sensors   

n.传感器，灵敏元件( sensor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were more than 2000 sensors here. 这里装有两千多个灵敏元件。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Significant changes have been noted where sensors were exposed to trichloride. 当传感器暴露在三氯化物中时，有很大变化。 来自辞典例句