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常春藤解析英语【42】Body Signs不容忽视的人体警

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Body Signs 不容忽视的人体警讯

by Rebecca Fratzke

We sometimes need expensive tests to determine our state of health, but often our bodies tell us all we need to know. Growing up, we're taught which bodily signs are causes for concern. _(1)_

The first signs we learn about are changes in the color, odor, and texture1 of the stuff that comes out of our bodies, such as urine, feces, and mucus. Although these things might be embarrassing to talk about, they are easily recognizable. _(2)_ Yellow or green mucus is a sign of bacterial2 infections. The duration of changes in our bodily functions can also provide a clue about our body's condition. For example, diarrhea is common, with over 500 causes. _(3)_

Not all bodily signs are that gross. The skin and eyes taking on a yellow tone can be signs of liver problems. _(4)_ Red eyes can be a sign of conjunctivitis, also called pink eye. This infection is contagious3, so being aware of its signs early benefits everyone.

Beyond illnesses, an unhealthy lifestyle can also cause certain bodily signals. A lack of calcium4 can result in leg cramps6 or insomnia7. _(5)_ Actually, white spots could just mean you use your hands a lot. A mild infection or allergic8 reaction to nail polish might also cause white spots. Changes in your body can tell you a lot about how your diet and behavior are affecting you.
Our bodies send out many signs about their health. By learning to read our natural signs, we can decide whether we just need a few days of rest, a lifestyle change, or a trip to the doctor's office.

(A) For example, healthy mucus in our nose and throat is clear or white.
(B) A popular myth says white spots on one's fingernails are also signs of calcium deficiency.
(C) Paying attention to these signs teaches us about what is and isn't normal for our bodies.
(D) But if it happens for days on end, its cause may be serious.
(E) According to Chinese medicine, pimples10 on one's forehead are also signs of liver troubles.

原来如此

1. 第一题空格应选 (C)
理由:
a. 空格前提及,从小到大我们就被教导需要注意身体上的哪些征兆(bodily signs),推测接下来应继续说明为何要注意这些征兆。
b. 选项 (C) 说,注意这些征兆能让我们知道身体哪里正常及哪里不正常,符合上述推论,且两句中均有本文探讨的主题 signs(征兆),可知应为正选。
大补丸:
pay attention to...  注意……
例: I always pay attention to the news so I will know what's going on in the world.
(我总是很注意新闻,这样才知道世界发生了什么事。)

2. 第二题空格应选 (A)
理由:
a. 空格前提到,讨论尿液、排泄物及黏液(urine, feces, and mucus)虽然有些难为情,但这些东西却很容易就能分辨出来,得知接下来应举例说明这些东西如何透露健康情形。
b. 选项 (A) 说,健康的鼻涕和痰(mucus in our nose and throat)是透明或白色的,而空格后提及黄色或绿色的黏液(mucus)便是细菌感染的征状,分别是不同颜色的黏液代表的不同意义,符合上述推论,故为正选。
大补丸:
for example  举例来说(= for instance)
例: Not all sea animals are fish. The dolphin, for example, is a mammal.
(并不是所有的海洋生物都是鱼类。举例来说,海豚是哺乳类动物。)

3. 第三题空格应选 (D)
理由:
a. 空格前说举腹泻(diarrhea)为例,有五百多种因素(causes)会导致正常腹泻,推测空格应讨论何种腹泻为不正常。
b. 选项 (D) 说,如果连续发生好几天,原因可能就不单纯了,选项中的代名词 it 即表上句的 diarrhea,两句也均有关键词 cause(因素),而 for days on end(连续好多天)则呼应前两句的 The duration of changes in our body(身体功能在时间长短方面的改变),可知 (D) 为正选。
大补丸:
for days/weeks/months... + on end
连续……数天∕数星期∕数月等(不与数字并用)
一段时间 + in a row  
连续……一段时间(与数字并用)
例: My neighbors have been playing loud music for hours on end.
(我的邻居音乐放得震天响已经连续好几个小时了。)
例: Our team has won the championship four years in a row.
(本队连续四年赢得冠军。)

4. 第四题空格应选 (E)
理由:
a. 空格前说皮肤或眼睛的颜色偏黄可能是肝出了问题(liver problems)。
b. 选项 (E) 则说,根据中医,额头上长青春痘也是肝出问题(liver troubles)的征兆,语意连贯,故为正选。
大补丸:
a. according to...  根据……
例: According to my friend Marcus, Rain is very popular in America.
(根据我朋友马克斯所言,Rain 在美国很红。)
b. pimple9 n. 青春痘
c. forehead n. 额头

5. 第五题空格应选 (B)
理由:
a. 空格前说缺乏钙质(A lack of calcium)可能导致腿抽筋或失眠。
b. 选项 (B) 说,有项迷思则是说指甲上的白点也是缺乏钙质(calcium deficiency)的象征,两句中皆有关键词 calcium(钙质),且前句的 a lack of(缺乏)与选项中的 deficiency(缺乏)相呼应,故为正选。
大补丸:
a. myth n. 迷思;错误的概念
Contrary to popular myth, S + V  与一般认知不同的是,……
例: Contrary to popular myth, there's no such thing as bad luck.
(与一般认知不同的是,没有坏运这种事。)
b. deficiency n. 缺乏

精解字词词组

1. provide a clue about...  提供……的线索
例: The frosting on Sally's shirt provided a clue about who had eaten all the cake.
(莎莉衬衫上的糖霜透露出吃掉整块蛋糕的人就是她。)

2. take on...  呈现……(颜色、外表等)
例: The rotten fruit took on a terrible smell in the hot sun.
(烂掉的水果在大太阳底下发出臭味。)

3. be aware of...  注意……;知道……
例: You need to be aware of the exits in case there's an emergency.
(你必须知道出口在哪,以防紧急事件发生。)

4. a lack of...  缺少……
例: The team couldn't buy better players because of a lack of money.
(由于缺乏资金,那个队伍无法签下更好的球员。)

5. result in...  导致……
result from...  由于……
例: Using new textbooks should result in better test scores for our students.
(使用新课本应该能使我们的学生成绩进步。)
例: Jack's bad mood resulted from breaking up with his girlfriend.
(杰克心情不好是由于和女友分手之故。)

6. allergic a. 过敏的
be allergic to...  对……过敏
例: Rita is allergic to peanuts. If she eats one, she could die.
(瑞塔对花生过敏,只要吃一颗就有可能让她死掉。)

单字小铺

1. determine vt. 决定
2. bodily a. 身体的
3. cause for concern  令人担心的理由
4. texture [ `tEkstSK ] n. 质地
5. stuff n. 东西(不可数)
6. urine n. 尿
7. feces n. 排泄物
8. mucus n. 黏液
9. embarrassing a.(物)令人尴尬的
embarrassed a.(人)感到尴尬的
10. recognizable a. 可辨认的
11. bacterial a. 细菌的
12. duration n. 持续时间
13. function n. 功能
14. diarrhea n. 腹泻
15. gross a. 恶心的
16. tone n. 色调
17. conjunctivitis n. 结膜炎
= pink eye
18. contagious a. 会传染的
19. benefit vt. 有益于
20. calcium n. 钙质
21. cramp5 n. 抽筋
22. insomnia n. 失眠(症)
insomniac11 n. 失眠症患者
23. mild a. 轻微的
24. reaction n. 反应(其后常与介词 to 并用)
25. nail polish n. 指甲油
26. affect vt. 影响
effect n. 影响

中文翻译&标准答案

有时候需要昂贵的检查才能判定我们的健康状况,但其实我们的身体经常透露出我们需要知道的一切。从小到大,我们就被教导需要注意身体上的哪些征兆。注意这些征兆能让我们知道身体哪里正常或不正常。

我们最先学到的征兆是身体所排放的物质在颜色、味道与质地方面的改变,例如尿液、排泄物及黏液。虽然讨论这些东西有些难为情,但很容易就能分辨出来。举例来说,健康的鼻涕和痰是透明或白色的。黄色或绿色的黏液便是细菌感染的征状。身体功能在时间长短方面的改变也能提供健康状况的线索。举例来说,腹泻很常见,有五百多种因素会导致腹泻。但如果持续好几天,原因可能就不单纯了。

并不是所有的身体征兆都那么恶心。皮肤或眼睛颜色偏黄可能是肝出了问题。根据中医,额头上长青春痘也是肝出问题的征兆。眼睛红可能是结膜炎的征兆,也就是所谓的 pink eye。这种发炎是会传染的,因此及早注意到这项征兆对大家都有好处。

除了生病之外,不健康的生活方式也会导致身体发出某些讯号。缺乏钙质可能导致腿抽筋或失眠。有项迷思则是说指甲上的白点也是缺乏钙质的象征。事实上,白点可能只是你用手过度。指甲轻微感染或对指甲油过敏也会导致指甲上的白点。身体上的改变能透露出你的饮食或行为如何影响你的健康。

我们身体发出许多关于健康的讯息。借着解读这些自然征兆,我们就能知道自己需要的是休息几天、改变生活方式,或是需要看医生。

标准答案: 1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (E) 5. (B)
 


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1 texture kpmwQ     
n.(织物)质地;(材料)构造;结构;肌理
参考例句:
  • We could feel the smooth texture of silk.我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。
  • Her skin has a fine texture.她的皮肤细腻。
2 bacterial dy5z8q     
a.细菌的
参考例句:
  • Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间,细菌繁殖加快了。
  • Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
3 contagious TZ0yl     
adj.传染性的,有感染力的
参考例句:
  • It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
  • He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。
4 calcium sNdzY     
n.钙(化学符号Ca)
参考例句:
  • We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
  • Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。
5 cramp UoczE     
n.痉挛;[pl.](腹)绞痛;vt.限制,束缚
参考例句:
  • Winston stopped writing,partly because he was suffering from cramp.温斯顿驻了笔,手指也写麻了。
  • The swimmer was seized with a cramp and had to be helped out of the water.那个在游泳的人突然抽起筋来,让别人帮着上了岸。
6 cramps cramps     
n. 抽筋, 腹部绞痛, 铁箍 adj. 狭窄的, 难解的 v. 使...抽筋, 以铁箍扣紧, 束缚
参考例句:
  • If he cramps again let the line cut him off. 要是它再抽筋,就让这钓索把它勒断吧。
  • "I have no cramps." he said. “我没抽筋,"他说。
7 insomnia EbFzK     
n.失眠,失眠症
参考例句:
  • Worries and tenseness can lead to insomnia.忧虑和紧张会导致失眠。
  • He is suffering from insomnia.他患失眠症。
8 allergic 4xozJ     
adj.过敏的,变态的
参考例句:
  • Alice is allergic to the fur of cats.艾丽斯对猫的皮毛过敏。
  • Many people are allergic to airborne pollutants such as pollen.许多人对空气传播的污染物过敏,比如花粉。
9 pimple MAeyP     
n.丘疹,面泡,青春豆
参考例句:
  • His face was covered with pimples.他满脸粉刺。
  • This is also a way to prevent the pimple.这也是防止疙瘩的一个途径。
10 pimples f06a6536c7fcdeca679ac422007b5c89     
n.丘疹,粉刺,小脓疱( pimple的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • It gave me goose pimples just to think about it. 只是想到它我就起鸡皮疙瘩。
  • His face has now broken out in pimples. 他脸上突然起了丘疹。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 insomniac lbozL     
n.失眠症患者
参考例句:
  • She's an insomniac ; she only sleeps for two or three hours a night. 她患失眠症,每晚只睡两三个小时。 来自辞典例句
  • The insomniac is habitually afflicted with wakefulness at times when he wishes to sleep. 失眠症患者,这种病人在他想睡觉时经常特别清醒。 来自互联网
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