常春藤解析英语【63】The World's Favorite Fish Dish

The World's Favorite Fish Dish　Sushi，我的菜！

by Jessica Isaacs

Nowadays, sushi is popular everywhere from upscale restaurants to household kitchens. However, the methods used in the preparation of sushi today were _(1)_ a way in which some Southeast Asians preserved fish. Since fish was an important part of their diet, but quickly went bad, people invented a way to ferment¹ fish and rice _(2)_ the fish could be stored. After several months, the fish would be consumed, but the rice had to be thrown away. This method of preservation² eventually found its way to Japan.

However, in Japan, sushi became much more than a way to prepare fish for _(3)_. During Japan's Muromachi period (室町幕府时期，1336 年至 1573 年), chefs began _(4)_ vinegar to rice and serving the fish and rice together. This popular culinary invention spread throughout Japan, becoming common in large cities and small towns _(5)_. It was in Tokyo, Japan's capital, that modern sushi was born. In the 1800s, a chef in Tokyo began using fresh ingredients _(6)_ in Tokyo Bay and immediately serving them on the vinegar rice without fermentation. Modern sushi became popular in Japan soon after.

Today, sushi remains³ a popular food and _(7)_ many varieties. While sushi in the traditional style, a single piece of seafood⁴ served on a small mound⁵ of rice, can still be found, modern versions like sushi rolls, battleship sushi, and sushi bowls are also very common. These delightful⁷ dishes have gained in popularity around the world, especially in Asia and North America. Today, people the world over are enjoying sushi as a fresh, healthy meal.

1. (A) currently (B) originally (C) deliberately⁸ (D) accidentally
2. (A) since (B) meanwhile (C) so that (D) as a result
3. (A) storage (B) maintenance (C) support (D) reservation
4. (A) fixing (B) offering (C) filling (D) adding
5. (A) instead (B) alike (C) the same (D) likewise
6. (A) caught (B) catch (C) catching⁹ (D) to catch
7. (A) relies on (B) takes over (C) stands for (D) comes in

原来如此

1. However, the methods used in the preparation of sushi today were originally a way in which some Southeast Asians preserved fish.
理由:
a.
(A) currently adv. 目前
(B) originally adv. 起初，原先
(C) deliberately adv. 故意地
= on purpose
例: She said she hit me by accident, but I think she did it deliberately.
（她说是不小心打到我，但我觉得她是故意的。）
(D) accidentally adv. 意外地
= by accident
例: Mark accidentally knocked over his cup of coffee.
（马克不小心打翻了他的咖啡。）

b. 空格前有过去式 be 动词 were，故知 (A) currently 不可选。originally 表『起初』，故知应与过去式动词并用，且置入后亦符合语意，可知应选 (B)。

2. Since fish was an important part of their diet, but quickly went bad, people invented a way to ferment fish and rice so that the fish could be stored.
理由:
a.
(A) since conj. 自从……以来；因为
(B) meanwhile adv.
= in the meantime　　同时，在此期间
例: Bill will be here in ten minutes. Meanwhile, would you like some coffee?
（比尔十分钟后就到。在此期间，你要不要喝杯咖啡？）

(C) so that...　　以便∕如此一来……
注意:
so that 为表『目的』的副词连接词，引导副词子句，修饰主要子句，且其所引导的子句中，常与助动词 may、might、can、could 等并用。
例: You should study harder so that you can go to a good university.
（你应该更加努力用功，以便能进入一所好大学就读。）
(D) As a result, S + V　　结果，……

b. meanwhile 和 as a result 分别为副词和副词词组，无法用来连接两个句子，故 (B)、(D) 不可选；(A) since 和 (C) so that 均为连接词，然根据语意，可知应选 (C)。

3. However, in Japan, sushi became much more than a way to prepare fish for storage.
理由:
a.
(A) storage n. 储藏
(B) maintenance n. 维修，保养
例: Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car.
（细心的保养可以延长车子的寿命。）
(C) support n. 支撑；支持
(D) reservation n. 保留；预订
make a reservation　　预约

b. 根据语意，可知应选 (A)。

4. During Japan's Muromachi period, chefs began adding vinegar to rice and serving the fish and rice together.
理由:
a.
(A) fix A to B　　把 A 固定在 B 上
例: Dad fixed¹⁰ the fan to the ceiling.
（爸爸将电风扇装在天花板上。）
(B) offer A to B　　把 A 提供给 B
(C) fill A with B　　用 B 把 A 装满
例: Robert filled the pot with water.
（罗伯把罐子装满水。）
(D) add A to B　　把 A 加进 B
例: You can add as much sugar to the tea as you like.
（你想在茶里加多少糖就加多少。）

b. 空格后有介词 to，可知 (C) 不可选。fix、offer 及 add 均可与 to 并用，然根据语意，可知应选 (D)。

5. This popular culinary invention spread throughout Japan, becoming common in large cities and small towns alike.
理由:
a.
(A) instead adv. 反而，却
(B) alike adv. 同样地（用于下列词组中）
A and B alike　　A 和 B
例: The strike yesterday was harmful to management and labor¹¹ alike.
（昨天的罢工对劳资双方都造成伤害。）
(C) the same　　相同地
(D) likewise adv. 同样地
例: Jane was up at dawn, and her baby was likewise.
（阿珍天一亮就起来，她的宝宝也是。）

b. (A) instead 置入后不符合语意，故不可选；无 "A and B the same" 或 "A and B likewise" 的用法，故 (C)、(D) 不可选。仅 alike 置入后符合语意、用法，故选 (B)。

6. In the 1800s, a chef in Tokyo began using fresh ingredients caught in Tokyo Bay and immediately serving them on the vinegar rice without fermentation.
理由:
a. 本句中已有主词 a chef（厨师），动词 began（开始），之后的 using fresh ingredients（使用新鲜材料）为受词，可知空格应置入分词，以与其后的地方副词词组 in Tokyo Bay（在东京湾）形成分词词组，作形容词用，修饰其前的 ingredients。

b. 根据上述，可知 (B) catch 及 (D) to catch 不可选。而由于 catch（捕捉）是及物动词，由此可知应选 (A) 选项的过去分词 caught，而不可选 (C) 选项的现在分词 catching。

c. 原句分析如下：
...a chef in Tokyo began using fresh ingredients caught in the Tokyo Bay...
= ...a chef in Tokyo began using fresh ingredients which were caught in the Tokyo Bay...
（……东京有一位厨师开始用在东京湾捕到的新鲜渔获当作食材……）

7. Today, sushi remains a popular food and comes in many varieties.
理由:
a.
(A) rely on...　　信赖∕依赖……
(B) take over...　　接管……
例: Dan took over his father's business when he was 30 years of age.
（丹恩在而立之年接管父亲的事业。）
(C) stand for...　　代表∕表示……
(D) come in...　　有……（颜色、尺寸、形状等）
例: That shirt you like comes in blue and black.
（你喜欢的那件衬衫有蓝、黑两种颜色。）

b. 根据语意，可知应选 (D)。

精解字词词组

1.　preserve vt. 保存（食物）；腌制
例: He preserves the fruits grown in his orchard¹² and sells them at the market.
（他把自家果园种的水果腌制后再拿到市场去卖。）

2.　consume vt. 吃掉；喝掉
例: My little brother consumed an entire box of cookies after dinner last night.
（我弟弟昨天晚餐后还吃掉一整盒饼干。）

3.　serve vt. 供应，上（菜）
例: Could you serve the appetizer¹³ while I pour the wine?
（我倒红酒时你可以上开胃菜吗？）

4.　delightful a. 令人愉快的
delight n. 愉快；乐趣
take delight in...　　喜爱∕乐于从事……
例: He takes delight in helping¹⁴ people.
（他乐于助人。）

5.　gain in popularity　　受到欢迎，开始流行
popularity n. 受欢迎，普及
例: Hip⁶ hop¹⁵ music has really gained in popularity over the last ten years.
（嘻哈乐在过去十年间深受欢迎。）

6.　especially adv. 尤其，特别
例: The black cherry tree requires plenty of sunlight, so it hates to have neighbors, especially taller ones.
= The black cherry tree requires plenty of sunlight, so it hates to have neighbors, particularly taller ones.
= The black cherry tree requires plenty of sunlight, so it hates to have neighbors, taller ones in particular.
（黑樱桃树需要充足的阳光，所以它不喜欢邻近有其它树木，特别是高大的树木。）

单字小铺

1. upscale a. 高档的
2. household a. 家庭的 & n. 家庭
3. preparation n. 准备
4. diet n. 饮食
5. ferment vt. 使发酵 & vi. 发酵
6. preservation n. 保存；防腐
7. chef n. 厨师；主厨
8. vinegar n. 醋
9. culinary a. 烹饪的
10. ingredient n.（烹饪用的）原料，材料
11. fermentation n. 发酵
12. mound n. 堆；垛
13. battleship n. 战舰

词组小铺

1. throw away...　　丢弃……
2. soon after　　不久之后
3. around the world　　全世界
= the world over
= across the world
= all over the world

中文翻译＆标准答案

现今，寿司从高级餐厅到居家料理都极受欢迎。然而，现今制作寿司的方法是原本某些东南亚人民用来保存鱼肉的方式。鱼肉是东南亚人民饮食中很重要的一部分，但由于很快就腐坏，于是人们发明一种方法让鱼肉和米饭发酵，以便保存鱼肉。几个月后，鱼肉被食用，但米饭却得丢掉。这种防止鱼肉腐败的方式最后传入日本。

然而，寿司在日本演变成不只是用来保存鱼肉的方式而已。日本在室町幕府时期，厨师开始把醋加入米饭中，然后将鱼肉和米饭一起端上桌。这种创新的料理方式传遍全日本，在大城小镇中随处可见。而现代寿司诞生之处正是日本的首都东京。19 世纪时，东京有一位厨师开始用在东京湾捕到的新鲜渔获当作食材，在未经发酵的情况下，将鱼肉放在醋饭上立即让食客享用。不久后现代寿司便开始风靡全日本。

现今，寿司仍然是人气很旺的一道料理，而且选择越来越多。一片海鲜和小团醋饭组成的传统寿司仍很常见，而像寿司卷、军舰寿司和寿司盖饭等现代版寿司也很普遍。这些令人胃口大开的佳肴在全球大受欢迎，尤其是亚洲和北美洲。今天，全世界的人都把寿司当成新鲜、健康的餐点来享用。

标准答案: 1. (B)　2. (C)　3. (A)　4. (D)　5. (B)　6. (A)　7. (D)
 

1 ferment   

vt.使发酵；n./vt.（使）激动，（使）动乱

参考例句：

• Fruit juices ferment if they are kept a long time.果汁若是放置很久，就会发酵。
• The sixties were a time of theological ferment.六十年代是神学上骚动的时代。

2 preservation   

n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持

参考例句：

• The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。
• The picture is in an excellent state of preservation.这幅画保存得极为完好。

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 seafood   

n.海产食品，海味，海鲜

参考例句：

• There's an excellent seafood restaurant near here.离这儿不远有家非常不错的海鲜馆。
• Shrimps are a popular type of seafood.小虾是比较普遍的一种海味。

5 mound   

n.土墩，堤，小山；v.筑堤，用土堆防卫

参考例句：

• The explorers climbed a mound to survey the land around them.勘探者爬上土丘去勘测周围的土地。
• The mound can be used as our screen.这个土丘可做我们的掩蔽物。

6 hip   

n.臀部，髋；屋脊

参考例句：

• The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone.股骨连着髋骨。
• The new coats blouse gracefully above the hip line.新外套在臀围线上优美地打着褶皱。

7 delightful   

adj.令人高兴的，使人快乐的

参考例句：

• We had a delightful time by the seashore last Sunday.上星期天我们在海滨玩得真痛快。
• Peter played a delightful melody on his flute.彼得用笛子吹奏了一支欢快的曲子。

8 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

9 catching   

adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住

参考例句：

• There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
• Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。

10 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

11 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

12 orchard   

n.果园，果园里的全部果树，(美俚)棒球场

参考例句：

• My orchard is bearing well this year.今年我的果园果实累累。
• Each bamboo house was surrounded by a thriving orchard.每座竹楼周围都是茂密的果园。

13 appetizer   

n.小吃，开胃品

参考例句：

• We served some crackers and cheese as an appetizer.我们上了些饼干和奶酪作为开胃品。
• I would like a cucumber salad for an appetizer.我要一份黄瓜沙拉作开胃菜。

14 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

15 hop   

n.单脚跳，跳跃；vi.单脚跳，跳跃；着手做某事；vt.跳跃，跃过

参考例句：

• The children had a competition to see who could hop the fastest.孩子们举行比赛，看谁单足跳跃最快。
• How long can you hop on your right foot?你用右脚能跳多远？