常春藤解析英语【77】Wigs 再见，三千烦恼丝

Wigs² 再见，三千烦恼丝

Picture yourself in the 17th century, looking sharp with a bundle of horsehair on your head.
想象自己身处 17 世纪，头上戴着马毛假发，一副精神抖擞的模样。

by Rebecca A. Fratzke

Though we might chuckle³ when we discover that someone is wearing a wig¹, they were nothing unusual in years past. Wigs have a long history, which includes their having been worn by both men and women.

In ancient times, wigs were worn by Egyptians for a practical reason: to prevent their shaven heads _(1)_ sunburned. The ladies of the Roman Empire also loved wigs, but strictly⁴ for reasons of style. The wig-wearing trend continued until the Middle Ages brought a drastic decline. Wigs later became highly fashionable in the 17th century, and they became _(2)_ elaborate. Some even _(3)_ over 90 cm in height! During this time, because of such high demand, wig-making came to be seen as a prestigious⁵ craft. The best wigs were made of cut human hair, but horse or goat hair was used to make cheaper versions. _(4)_ high prices and extreme discomfort⁶, anyone of social standing⁷ was expected to wear a wig. An advantage of wearing a wig, though, was that it was more easily rid _(5)_ head lice than one's actual hair.

The use of wigs eventually began to decline, almost dying out completely during the 1920s, _(6)_ short hair was in. Smaller fake-hair accessories have consistently remained popular as a way to increase the appearance of hair volume, but wigs in general have _(7)_ their importance. These days, the most common reasons for wearing a wig usually involve acting⁸, costumes, illness, or aging.

1. (A) to get (B) get (C) from getting(D) getting
2. (A) previously⁹(B) originally(C) essentially¹⁰ (D) increasingly
3. (A) ranged (B) measured (C) weighed (D) contained
4. (A) Despite (B) Even if (C) Since (D) As with
5. (A) out (B) from (C) of (D) with
6. (A) that (B) when (C) which (D) where
7. (A) missed (B) kept (C) gained (D) lost

原来如此

1. In ancient times, wigs were worn by Egyptians for a practical reason: to prevent their shaven heads from getting sunburned.
理由:
a. 本空格测试下列固定用法：
prevent sb/sth from V-ing　　防止某人∕某物……　　
例: Exercising regularly can prevent you from suffering from many ailments¹¹.
（定期运动可预防很多小毛病。）
b. 根据上述，可知应选 (C) from getting。

2. Wigs later became highly fashionable in the 17th century, and they became increasingly elaborate.
理由:
a. (A) previously adv. 事先，先前
(B) originally adv. 起初，原来
(C) essentially adv. 基本上
(D) increasingly adv. 逐渐地
become increasingly + 原级形容词
变得愈来愈……
例: People are becoming increasingly worried about global warming.
（人们愈来愈担心全球暖化。）
b. 根据语意，可知应选 (D)。

3. Some even measured over 90 cm in height!
理由:
a. (A) range vi.（范围）涉及
range from A to B　　范围从 A 到 B 都有
例: The weather here ranges from cold to extremely hot.
（这里的天气从寒冷到酷热都有。）
(B) measure vi. 有……（长、宽、高等）& vt. 测量
例: The road measures 300 km in length.
（这条路量起来有 300 公里长。）
(C) weigh vi. 重达 & vt. 称……的重量
例: Since I went on a diet, I have been weighing myself every morning.
（自从我开始节食之后，每天早上都量体重。）
(D) contain vt. 包含，容纳
例: Our herbal teas contain no artificial flavorings.
（我们的花果茶绝不添加人工香料。）
b. 根据语意、用法，可知应选 (B)。

4. Despite high prices and extreme discomfort, anyone of social standing was expected to wear a wig.
理由:
a. (A) Despite + N/V-ing, S + V　　尽管……，……
= In spite of + N/V-ing, S + V
例: Despite their mutual¹² dislike, the two men remained civil in public.
（尽管这两个人彼此不喜欢对方，他们在公开场合仍保持礼貌。）
(B) Even if + S + V, S + V　　即使……，……
例: Even if Jim apologizes, Sally isn't going to forgive him.
（即使吉姆道歉，莎莉仍然不会原谅他。）
(C) since prep. 自从……，自……之后
注意:
since 当介词时，之后接明确的时间、名词、动名词或时间副词 then，形成副词词组，修饰完成式或完成进行式的主要子句。
例: Sandra has been keeping a diary since 1993.
（自 1993 年以来，珊卓拉一直都有写日记。）
(D) As with..., S + V　　和……一样，……
例: As with most new products, there will be some problems at first.
（和大多数新产品一样，一开始总会有一些问题。）
b. 空格后有名词 prices（价格）和 discomfort（不舒适），可知空格应置入介词。(B) Even if 为副词连接词，故不可选。(A)、(C) 为介词，(D) 为介词词组，但 (C) Since 必须与完成式或完成进行式并用，而 (D) 置入后语意不合，故 (C) 和 (D) 不可选。
c. 仅 (A) 置入后符合语意、用法，故选之。

5. An advantage..., was that it was more easily rid of head lice than one's actual hair.
理由:
a. 本空格测试 rid 的用法：
rid vt. 使摆脱；免除（三态均为 rid）
注意:
rid 作及物动词时，其后须接表地方的名词或反身代名词作受词，再接 "of + 所要摆脱的对象"，此处的 "be rid of..." 则为被动用法；rid 的过去分词 rid 亦常与 get 并用，形成下列用法：
get rid of...　　摆脱∕戒除……
例: We must rid our kitchen of cockroaches¹³.
（我们必须驱除我们厨房内的蟑螂。）
例: John finally rid himself of that ugly car and bought a new one.
（约翰终于摆脱他那辆丑陋的车子而买了部新的。）
例: You have to get rid of that attitude or all your friends will leave you.
（你得改掉那种态度，否则你的朋友都会离你而去。）
b. 根据上述，可知应选 (C)。空格前的 it，指的就是 wig（假发），表『假发比较容易去除头虱』。

6. The use of wigs eventually began to decline, almost dying out completely during the 1920s, when short hair was in.
理由:
a. 空格前有时间 1920s（1920 年代），可知应置入关系副词 when，引导形容词子句加以修饰。
b. 根据上述，可知应选 (B)。

7. Smaller fake-hair accessories have consistently remained popular as a way to increase the appearance of hair volume, but wigs in general have lost their importance.
理由:
a. (A) miss vt. 错过；想念
(B) keep vt. 保留，持有
(C) gain vt. 得到，获得
(D) lose vt. 失去

b. 空格内置入 lost 后，表『失去』其重要性，符合前后语意，故选 (D)。

精解字词词组

1. strictly adv. 严格地；严厉地
Strictly speaking, S + V　　严格说来，……
例: Strictly speaking, strawberries are not true berries.
（严格说来，草莓并非真正的浆果。）
2. decline n. & vi. 下跌；减少
例: His health has recently declined.
（他的健康情况最近走下坡。）
3. elaborate a. 精心制作的 & vi. 详述
elaborate on...　　详述……
例: We asked Jenny to elaborate on her trip to Russia.
（我们请珍妮详细描述她的俄国之旅。）
4. be made of...　　由……制成（产品仍保有材料原来的性质或形状）
be made from...　　由……制成（产品不保留材料原来的性质或形状）
例: Two hundred years ago, false teeth were sometimes made of wood.
（两百年前，假牙有时是用木头做的。）
例: The new car was made entirely¹⁴ from recycled materials.
（那辆新车完全是用回收资源制造出来的。）
5. die out　　灭绝，绝迹
例: The white tiger has completely died out in this part of the world.
（白老虎已经完全在本地绝迹了。）
6. consistently adv. 一贯地
例: Mervin shows up on time consistently.
（马文向来准时出现。）
7. in general　　一般而言，大体上
= generally speaking
= by and large
= on the whole
= for the most part
例: In general, his school report is not that bad.
（大体上，他的成绩并没那么差。）
8. involve vt. 包含；需要
例: Learning how to play piano involves patience and practice.
（学习弹钢琴需要耐心和练习。）

单字小铺

1. wig n. 假发
2. chuckle vi. 低声轻笑，暗自发笑
3. practical a. 实际的
4. shaven a. 剃光毛发的
shave vt. 剃（毛发）；刮（胡子）
5. sunburned a. 晒伤的
6. trend n. 时尚；趋势
7. drastic a. 猛烈的，激烈的
8. fashionable a. 流行的，时髦的
9. prestigious a. 有名望的
10. craft n. 手艺，工艺
11. version n. 版本
12. discomfort n. 不舒服，不适
13. social standing n. 社会地位
14. advantage n. 优点
disadvantage n. 缺点
15. lice n. 虱子（复数形）
louse n. 虱子（单数形）
16. eventually adv. 最后，终于
17. accessory n. 配件，饰品
18. volume n. 份量；体积，容积
19. costume n. 戏服；服装

词组小铺

1. in ancient times　　在古代
in modern times　　在现代
2. be seen as...　　被视为……
= be viewed as...
= be regarded as...
= be looked upon as...
= be thought of as...
3. be expected to V　　被预计∕预期（做）……
4. be in　　流行的

中文翻译＆标准答案

虽然当我们发现有人戴着假发时可能会偷笑，但在从前，戴假发可是件稀松平常的事。假发拥有一段很长的历史，男人和女人都曾配戴假发。

古时候，埃及人戴假发的原因出于实用性，是为了避免晒伤剃光的头。罗马帝国的妇女也爱戴假发，不过严格来说，只是为了造型。戴假发的风潮直到中世纪才急速衰退。之后到 17 世纪假发开始大为流行，而且愈趋精致。有些假发甚至长达 90 公分。这段期间因为假发的需求量高，制作假发被视为一种受人尊敬的手艺。最高档的假发是由剪下来的真发制成，但马毛或是山羊毛也被用来制作成较便宜的假发。尽管假发价位高、戴起来又不舒适，一般还是会期望拥有社会地位的人士戴假发。不过戴假发的一个好处就是，比起真发，假发比较容易除去头虱。

假发的使用最后开始式微，1920 年代短发蔚为风尚时，假发几乎消失殆尽。小的假发配件因为能够使发量看起来较多而依旧受欢迎，但大体说来，假发已经不再受重视。现在通常因为演戏、戏服需要或是因疾病和年老掉发才会配戴假发。

标准答案: 1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (B) 7. (D)
 

1 wig   

n.假发

参考例句：

• The actress wore a black wig over her blond hair.那个女演员戴一顶黑色假发罩住自己的金黄色头发。
• He disguised himself with a wig and false beard.他用假发和假胡须来乔装。

2 wigs   

n.假发，法官帽( wig的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They say that wigs will be coming in again this year. 据说今年又要流行戴假发了。 来自辞典例句
• Frank, we needed more wigs than we thought, and we have to do some advertising. 弗兰克，因为我们需要更多的假发，而且我们还要做点广告。 来自电影对白

3 chuckle   

vi.／n.轻声笑，咯咯笑

参考例句：

• He shook his head with a soft chuckle.他轻轻地笑着摇了摇头。
• I couldn't suppress a soft chuckle at the thought of it.想到这个，我忍不住轻轻地笑起来。

4 strictly   

adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地

参考例句：

• His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
• The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。

5 prestigious   

adj.有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的

参考例句：

• The young man graduated from a prestigious university.这个年轻人毕业于一所名牌大学。
• You may even join a prestigious magazine as a contributing editor.甚至可能会加入一个知名杂志做编辑。

6 discomfort   

n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便

参考例句：

• One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
• She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。

7 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

8 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

9 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

10 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

11 ailments   

疾病（尤指慢性病），不适( ailment的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His ailments include a mild heart attack and arthritis. 他患有轻度心脏病和关节炎。
• He hospitalizes patients for minor ailments. 他把只有小病的患者也送进医院。

12 mutual   

adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的

参考例句：

• We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
• Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

13 cockroaches   

n.蟑螂( cockroach的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• At night, the cockroaches filled the house with their rustlings. 夜里，屋里尽是蟑螂窸窸瑟瑟的声音。 来自辞典例句
• It loves cockroaches, and can keep a house clear of these hated insects. 它们好食蟑螂，可以使住宅免除这些讨厌昆虫的骚扰。 来自百科语句

14 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。