常春藤解析英语【93】Shyness, or Something More? 不只

Shyness, or Something More? 不只是害臊？

by Kevin Lustig

Social phobia can make being with others a nightmare.
社交恐惧症让身处人群成为一种恶梦。

You enter a crowded classroom. People seem to be staring at you. You hear laughter from a group of students in the corner. _(1)_ Instantly, your heart starts to pound, and you desperately¹ want to hide.

If this experience is familiar to you, you may have social anxiety disorder². _(2)_ For people who experience these feelings, it can be almost impossible to enjoy talking to others, being with friends, or even simply going out in public.

Social phobia has many forms, from fear of speaking in public to feeling uncomfortable in groups. It can cause unpleasant physical symptoms like sweating, blushing, difficulty breathing, and feeling sick. There are several explanations for why people have social phobia. It can be passed down genetically³ from parents to children. _(3)_ The experience might leave the victim with a terrible fear of ending up in a similar situation again.

Luckily for those who have social phobia, the condition is treatable. _(4)_ Meditation⁴ and relaxation⁵ exercises can also help. Most importantly, there are techniques that can help to cure it altogether. One of the most common methods is experiencing the uncomfortable social situations a little bit at a time with the help of a psychologist. _(5)_

For some, social phobia stands in the way of a lot of enjoyment⁶ that most people take for granted. However, with the right treatment, social situations can be fun and enjoyable for everyone.

(A) Also known as social phobia, social anxiety disorder is a condition that causes individuals to become anxious when they have to interact with other people.

(B) This method has been proven to help those with social anxiety disorder to confront and understand their fear.

(C) Social phobia can also develop because someone has been badly embarrassed in front of others.

(D) For one thing, there are drugs that help control the symptoms.

(E) Are they laughing at you?

原来如此

1. 第一题空格应选 (E)
理由:
a. 空格前的句子提到，你听到角落里一群学生的嬉笑声（laughter from a group of students）。
b. (E) 选项的句子中则提出疑问：他们是在嘲笑你吗（laughing at you），语意连贯，且两句中的关键词 laughter 及 laughing 亦相互呼应，故选之。
大补丸:
laugh at...　　嘲笑……
例: Everybody laughed at me when I told them that I'd been abducted⁷ by aliens.
（当我告诉别人我曾遭外星人绑架时，每个人都嘲笑我。）

2. 第二题空格应选 (A)
理由:
a. 空格前的句子表示，如果你对上述经验感到再熟悉不过，你可能患了社交焦虑症（social anxiety disorder）。
b. 选项 (A) 的句子接着说，社交焦虑症（social anxiety disorder）又称为社交恐惧症（social phobia），是一种与他人互动时会产生焦虑的病症，进一步解释了社交焦虑症，语意连贯，故选之。
大补丸:
a. phobia n. 恐惧症
social phobia　　社交恐惧症
b. anxiety n. 焦虑，紧张
c.disorder n. 失调；不适
d.individual n. 个人
e.anxious a. 焦虑的
be anxious about...　　对……感到焦虑∕紧张
例: Julie is anxious about the interview tomorrow.
（茱莉对明天的面试感到紧张。）
f. interact with...　　与……互动
interact vi. 互动
例: Sociologists study how people interact with each other.
（社会学家研究人与人之间如何互动。）

3. 第三题空格应选 (C)
理由:
a. 空格前的两个句子提到，人们为何会有社交恐惧症的原因有几种解释（explanations），有可能是父母经由基因遗传给下一代，而空格前一句中的 it 指的就是 social phobia（社交恐惧症）。
b. 选项 (C) 的句子接着提出造成社交恐惧症（social phobia）的其它原因，有可能是因为患者曾在众人面前严重出糗导致的后果，语意连贯，故选之。
大补丸:
embarrassed a. 感到尴尬∕困窘的
embarrassing a. 令人难为情的
例: Jane was embarrassed by her friend's rudeness at the party.
（珍对她朋友在派对上的粗鲁行为感到很难为情。）
例: My most embarrassing experience was getting up on stage and forgetting my lines.
（我最尴尬的经验是上台时忘了台词。）

4. 第四题空格应选 (D)
理由:
a. 空格前的句子提到，幸好社交恐惧症是有办法医治的（the condition is treatable）。
b. 选项 (D) 接着说其中之一是透过药物帮助控制这些症状（help control the symptoms），语意连贯，其中 condition （疾病）和 symptoms （症状）形成关联，故选之。
大补丸:
a. for one thing　　首先；其一
例: I never eat fish. For one thing, I can't stand the smell.
（我从来不吃鱼，原因之一是我受不了鱼腥味。）
b. symptom n. 症状

5. 第五题空格应选 (B)
理由:
a. 空格前的句子提到，其中最常见的一种方法（one of the most common methods）是在心理学家的协助下，一点一点地体验那些会令人感到不自在的社交场合。
b. (B) 选项接着说，这种方法（this method）经证实能帮助患有社交焦虑症的人面对及了解他们的恐惧，语意连贯，且两句中均有关键词 method （方法），故选之。
大补丸:
confront vt. 对抗，克服
例: The rookie fireman confronted his fears and entered the burning building.
（那个新手消防员克服自己的恐惧，进入着火的建筑物里。）

精解字词词组

1. instantly adv. 立即，马上
= immediatel adv.
例: The pharmaceutical⁸ company is famous for its product that instantly relieves headaches.
（该药厂以其能立即消除头痛的产品而闻名。）

2. desperately adv. 极度地，拼命地
例: The spider's prey⁹ was trying desperately to escape the web.
（这只蜘蛛的猎物拼命想逃离蜘蛛网。）

3. B be familiar to A　　A 熟悉 B
= A be familiar with B　　
例: Is this picture familiar to you?
= Are you familiar with this picture?
（你对这幅图画熟悉吗？）

4. be passed down from...　　从……传下来
例: The design of this lace was passed down from early French settlers.
（这种蕾丝设计是法国早期移民留传下来的。）

5. end up + 介词词组∕现在分词　　到头来∕最后……
例: The thief ended up in prison.
（那个小偷最后进了监狱。）
例: The gambler ended up losing everything.
（那个赌徒到头来输得一乾二净。）

6. altogether adv. 完全地（= completely）；一共（= in total）
例: This new car is altogether different from the old one.
（这辆新车和旧的那一辆完全不同。）
例: There are 300 people altogether in the stadium.
（体育场里总共有 300 个人。）

7. stand in the way　　妨碍，阻挡
例: Nothing can stand in the way of Kevin's dreams.
（没有什么能阻挡凯文追求梦想。）

8. take...for granted　　将……视为理所当然
例: Don't ever take your health for granted. Be thankful for it.
（别把你健康的身体视为理所当然，要心存感激。）

单字小铺

1. shyness n. 害臊，胆怯
2. pound vi. 心脏剧跳
3. uncomfortable a. 不自在的
4. unpleasant a. 不愉快的
5. blush vi.（因害羞、尴尬而）脸红
6. genetically adv. 基因方面地
7. treatable a. 可治疗的
8. meditation n. 冥想
9. relaxation n. 放松
10. technique n. 技巧，技法
11. psychologist n. 心理学家
12. enjoyment n. 乐趣
13. enjoyable a. 有乐趣的

词组小铺

1. stare at...　　盯着……
2. in the corner　　在（室内的）角落里
on the corner　　在（室外的）角落里
3. in public　　公开地；当众
in private 　私底下
4. at a time　　一次

中文翻译＆标准答案

你走进拥挤的教室。大家好像都在盯着你看。你听到角落里一群学生的嬉笑声。他们是在嘲笑你吗？你的心跳立即加速，恨不得躲起来。

如果你对上述经验感到再熟悉不过，你可能患了社交焦虑症。社交焦虑症又称为社交恐惧症，是一种与他人互动时会产生焦虑的病症。患有这种症状的人几乎不可能愉快地与他人交谈、和朋友相聚或甚至无法到公共场合。

社交恐惧症有很多种形式，从害怕在众人面前发表言论，到身处人群中会感到不自在都属于社交恐惧症。此种病症会引发生理不适的症状，像是流汗、脸红、呼吸困难以及感到恶心想吐。人们为何会有社交恐惧症的原因有几种解释。有可能是父母经由基因遗传给下一代。也有可能是因为患者曾在众人面前严重出糗，而此经验也许导致患者极度惧怕再度面对类似的情况。

幸好社交恐惧症是有办法医治的。其中之一是透过药物帮助控制这些症状。冥想和纾缓运动也有助于治疗。更重要的是，还有一些技巧疗法有助于完全治愈。其中最常见的一种方法是在心理学家的协助下，一点一点地体验那些令人感到不自在的社交场合。这种方法经证实能帮助患有社交焦虑症的人面对及了解他们的恐惧。

对有些人来说，社交恐惧症阻碍他们获得大多数人认为理所当然的乐趣。不过，藉由正确的治疗，社交活动对每个人都可以是有趣而愉快的。

标准答案: 1. (E)　2. (A)　3. (C)　4. (D)　5. (B)
 

1 desperately   

adv.极度渴望地，绝望地，孤注一掷地

参考例句：

• He was desperately seeking a way to see her again.他正拼命想办法再见她一面。
• He longed desperately to be back at home.他非常渴望回家。

2 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

3 genetically   

adv.遗传上

参考例句：

• All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
• Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物

4 meditation   

n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录

参考例句：

• This peaceful garden lends itself to meditation.这个恬静的花园适于冥想。
• I'm sorry to interrupt your meditation.很抱歉，我打断了你的沉思。

5 relaxation   

n.松弛，放松；休息；消遣；娱乐

参考例句：

• The minister has consistently opposed any relaxation in the law.部长一向反对法律上的任何放宽。
• She listens to classical music for relaxation.她听古典音乐放松。

6 enjoyment   

n.乐趣；享有；享用

参考例句：

• Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit. 有您的陪同，我们这次访问更加愉快了。
• After each joke the old man cackled his enjoyment.每逢讲完一个笑话，这老人就呵呵笑着表示他的高兴。

7 abducted   

劫持，诱拐( abduct的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（肢体等）外展

参考例句：

• Detectives have not ruled out the possibility that she was abducted. 侦探尚未排除她被绑架的可能性。
• The kid was abducted at the gate of kindergarten. 那小孩在幼儿园大门口被绑架走了。

8 pharmaceutical   

adj.药学的，药物的；药用的，药剂师的

参考例句：

• She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
• We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。

9 prey   

n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨

参考例句：

• Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
• The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。