财富精英励志演讲 第130期:未来的路(5)

 The international financial system, as it was reconstructed after the Second World War, did not create a level playing field; it was lopsided by design. The international financial institutions — the International Monetary¹ Fund and the World Bank — were organized as shareholding² companies in which the rich countries held a disproportionate share of the votes and also controlled the boards. This put the countries at the periphery³ at a disadvantages vis-a-vis those at the center.

第二次世界大战后重建的国际金融体系并没有创建一个平衡的竞争环境，而是有意倾向于某—边。国际金融机构——国际货币基金组织和世界银行——按照股份制公司的模式而组建，其中的富有的成员国拥有绝对份额的表决权，他们控制着董事会，而相比之下一些边缘国家则处于劣势。

Ever since, the system has been dominated by the United States. And the Bretton Woods conference, Lord Keynes proposed but it was the head of the American delegation⁴, Harry⁵ White, who disposed. Since then, we have gone; from an almost completely regulated system to an almost completely deregulated one but the changes were led by the United States and the system has continued to be guided by what has become known as the Washington Consensus⁶.

从那以后，金融体系就一直处于美国的主宰之下。尽管在布雷顿森林会议上，英国凯恩斯勋爵提出了提议，但美国代表团团长哈里·怀特掌握决定权。此后，该体系从一个完全受监督的体系演变成一个几乎无监管的体系。然而这些变化由美国所主导，而该体系则继续由被称之为《华盛顿共识》的文件所引领。

Although the rules laid down by the Washington Consensus are supposed to apply to all countries equally, the United States — as the issuer of the main international currency —is more equal than the others.

虽然《华盛顿共识》所规定的规则本应平等地适用于所有成员国，但对于主要的国际货币发行国——美国似乎比其他国家更“平等”。

1 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

2 shareholding   

n.股权

参考例句：

• Shareholding commercial banks must exercise an independent system of board of directors. 股份制商业银行必须实行独立董事制度。 来自互联网
• Asset re-structuring: to conduct shareholding reform for high quality assets. 资产重组：对优质资产进行股份制改造。 来自互联网

3 periphery   

n.(圆体的)外面；周围

参考例句：

• Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe.从地理位置上讲，英国处于欧洲边缘。
• The periphery of the retina is very sensitive to motion.视网膜的外围对运动非常敏感。

4 delegation   

n.代表团；派遣

参考例句：

• The statement of our delegation was singularly appropriate to the occasion.我们代表团的声明非常适合时宜。
• We shall inform you of the date of the delegation's arrival.我们将把代表团到达的日期通知你。

5 harry   

vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼

参考例句：

• Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天，人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
• Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。

6 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？