英语听力文摘 English Digest 219、第三类疼痛

　　A Pain in Third Class
有一种叫“经济舱综合征”的病，估计很多人第一次听说。如果人在狭窄的空间长时间坐着不动，比如乘坐飞机时，腿一直弯曲着，结果会使腿部后侧静脉的血流速度降低，并在小腿深静脉中形成血凝，如血凝块脱落，顺着血流到达肺部，并在肺部形成栓塞即肺栓塞，可能会引起猝死，这就是“经济舱综合征”：一种久坐不动能致人命的病。据世界卫生组织估计，长途飞行旅客中此危险发生的几率为1/6000，这就意味着1个运载300名乘客的航班，每长途飞行20次就会有1位乘客发生“经济舱综合征”。实际上，专家认为，只要保持一个坐势，腿一直弯曲着，不活动超过4个小时，那么，发生深静脉血栓栓塞即“经济舱综合征”的危险将会明显增加。而现在，坐车的人，长时间坐着工作的人，在电脑前一坐就是半天的人，比乘坐飞机的人要多得多，“经济舱综合征”将会威胁着更多久坐的人。

　　It seems the more （1）cramped¹（狭窄的，拥挤的） your airplane seat is, the longer the flight always takes. Some folks handle this situation by just sitting tight（绷紧的） for the entire duration（持续，期间）,dreaming of the hour when the plane finally lands and they get to stretch.
That may be adding danger to discomfort², studies have found. The discomfort part you already know about. The danger is that when your body is left in a cramped position for too long, blood clots⁴（血块） can form in your feet and legs. That’s dangerous, because a blood clot³ that （2）dislodges（移动，逐出） will travel in the blood stream. And that’s nothing to play around with. If it reaches your lungs, it could even kill you!
Now, of course not every hurting leg is indication⁵ of a blood clot. For the most part it’s just cramped（抽筋的） muscle. But research conducted at Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu showed that a surprising one out of four patients in a study group being treated for blood clots in the lower legs had been on airplanes within the past month. And a （3）whopping（巨大的） eighty-two percent still had symptoms（症候，症状） two weeks after their flight!
The problem is that sitting for four hours or more reduces blood （4）circulation⁶（循环） in the legs, especially if you are cramped up. So, to keep the old juices flowing, and to help lower the chance of blood clots forming during a long flight, get up and walk in the aisle（通道，走廊）a little bit.
注释：
（1）cramped['kr?mpt]
a.
1.难认的;难懂的
2.患抽筋的
3.狭窄的
Our accommodation is rather cramped. 我们住的地方很挤。
（2）dislodge[dis'l?d?]
vt.
1.用力(或设法)移动;逐出[(+from)]
The doctor dislodged the fish bone from her throat.
医生取出哽在她喉中的鱼骨头。
vi.
1.离开住处
（3）whopping['hwɑp??]
a.
1.巨大的;异常的
ad.
1.非常
（4）circulation[,s?:kju'lei??n]
n.
1.循环,环流;运行[U][S1]
We observed the circulation of blood in frogs.
我们观察了青蛙的血液循环。
2.(货币、消息等的)流通,传播[U]
Many forged⁷ notes are in circulation.
许多假钞在流通。
3.(报刊等的)发行量,销售量[S]
This paper has a circulation of more than a million.
这一报纸的发行量达一百多万份。
4.通货,货币[U]

1 cramped   

a.狭窄的

参考例句：

• The house was terribly small and cramped, but the agent described it as a bijou residence. 房子十分狭小拥挤，但经纪人却把它说成是小巧别致的住宅。
• working in cramped conditions 在拥挤的环境里工作

2 discomfort   

n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便

参考例句：

• One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
• She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。

3 clot   

n.凝块；v.使凝成块

参考例句：

• Platelets are one of the components required to make blood clot.血小板是血液凝固的必须成分之一。
• The patient's blood refused to clot.病人的血液无法凝结。

4 clots   

n.凝块( clot的名词复数 )；血块；蠢人；傻瓜v.凝固( clot的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• When you cut yourself, blood clots and forms a scab. 你割破了，血会凝固、结痂。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Milk clots when it turns sour. 奶变酸就凝块。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

5 indication   

n.(暗示某事物的)言语，姿势，标记

参考例句：

• He gave no indication that he was ready to compromise.他没有妥协的意思。
• His behavior gave every indication of an open affectionate heart.他的行为就可以表明，他的心胸是坦荡的。

6 circulation   

n.循环，流通，传播，发行，发行量

参考例句：

• There is a large circulation in the musical public.在音乐界销路很广。
• The ideas have been in circulation for some time.这些想法已经流行了一段时间。

7 forged   

adj. 锻造的，伪造的 动词forge的过去时和过去分词

参考例句：

• A bond of friendship had been forged between them. 他们之间形成了一种友谊的纽带。
• Someone had forged her signature on the cheque. 有人在支票上伪造了她的签名。