英语听力文摘 English Digest 220、慢性鼻窦炎

　　Chronic¹ Sinusitis
慢性鼻窦炎，亦称慢性化脓性鼻窦炎。常因急性化脓性鼻窦炎反复发作未能得到适当治疗所致。以多粘液或脓性鼻涕、鼻塞、头痛及嗅觉减退或消失为主要临床症状。现代西医学除穿刺冲洗、手术疗法外，尚无理想的治疗措施。西医认为：多为急性鼻窦炎未能及时合理治疗或急性鼻窦炎性反复发作所致感冒长时间没有治愈引起的。有半数以上的患者双亲一定曾经也有过这种病史，也就是说先天性的遗传因素和本病息息相关。是由于细菌的侵入，引起鼻窦发炎，使粘膜浮肿而积脓。中医认为：慢性鼻窦炎发病数占耳鼻喉科初诊病人13.02%。鼻居面中，为阳中之阳，是清阳交会处，鼻又为一身血脉所经，故鼻与脏腑经络有着密切的联系。急鼻渊在外虽表现于鼻，但却反映了体内脏腑、经络的病变。临床上，多由于素体偏弱，加上生活起居失常，寒暖不调，受凉受湿或过度疲劳之后，外邪侵袭引起肺、脾、胆之病变而发病。

　　Do you experience chronic sinusitis? Treatment may be coming your way! Learn more on this Moment of Science.
What I would give if my sinus（窦） problems would go away. The headaches, the face aches, the congestion（鼻塞）–and sometimes it lasts for months and months on end. Antihistamines（抗组胺） and other sinus medications don’t seem to help much.
The problem may be that your chronic sinusitis is caused by an allergic（过敏的） reaction to (1)fungus²（真菌）.What I mean is that if that is the case, then the current sinus medications on the market aren’t treating the root of the problem. About five years ago, scientists discovered that the majority of patients who had surgery to treat their chronic sinusitis had fungal（真菌的） organisms（有机体） in their mucus（黏液）.
(2)Clumped⁴（形成一团） around those fungi⁵（真菌类）, they discovered (3)inflammatory（炎症性的） cells, meaning that these people’s immune systems were engaged in battle with the fungi. Common (4)airborne（空气传播的） fungi make their way into the mucus lining⁶ of the sinuses in most people.
The problem arises when this fungi triggers an immune response, which it does only in people with chronic sinusitis. It’s this immune system response that damages the sinuses in the process of attacking the fungi.
Is fungus a common cause of Chronic Sinusitis?
Scientists don’t know yet for certain whether or not fungus is a common cause of chronic sinusitis–fungus could account for as few as five percent of chronic sinusitis cases to as many as eighty percent. Several trials of an anti-fungal treatment have been successful in treating the majority of people tested though.
More such trials will eventually lead to a more precise answer to your question. The treatment is still awaiting FDA（Food and Drug Administration (美)食品及药物管理局） approval, but if approved, for those whose chronic sinusitis is caused by fungus, anti-fungal therapy（疗法） will make their lives a lot easier.
注释：
(1)fungus['f??g?s]
n.
1.菌类植物[C]
Mushrooms, toadstools and mildew⁷ are all fungi.
蘑菇、蕈与白霉都是菌类植物。
2.真菌[U]
My roses were suffering from fungus.
我的玫瑰受到真菌的侵害。
(2)clump³[kl?mp]
n.
1.丛;树丛;矮树丛[C][(+of)]
a clump of bushes
灌木丛
2.堆,块,团[C][(+of)]
a clump of earth
一团泥土
3.沉重的脚步声[S]
vi.
1.以沉重的步子行走[Q]
She clumps⁸ about in her heavy boots.
她脚穿厚靴迈着沉重的步子到处走。
2.形成一丛(或一堆、一团等)
The bacteria clumped together.
细菌结成一团。
vt.
1.使成一丛(或一堆、一团等)
2.使凝结成块
(3)inflammatory[in'fl?m?t?ri]
adj.
1.刺激性的, 煽动性的
2.【医】发炎的; 引起炎症的, 易红肿的
3.易燃的, 易着火的
inflammatory speeches
煽动性演说
an inflammatory condition of the tonsils
扁桃腺发炎
(4)airborne['??b?:n]
adj.
1.空中的
2.航空的, 空动的, 机载的, 风成的; 空降的
Our plane has lifted off the runway and is now airborne.
我们的飞机已经离开跑道，在空中飞行。
3.完全由空气支持(起来)的
4.通过无线电(电视)播送的
5.空气传播的
airborne bacteria
空气传播的细菌

1 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

2 fungus   

n.真菌，真菌类植物

参考例句：

• Mushrooms are a type of fungus.蘑菇是一种真菌。
• This fungus can just be detected by the unaided eye.这种真菌只用肉眼就能检查出。

3 clump   

n.树丛，草丛；vi.用沉重的脚步行走

参考例句：

• A stream meandered gently through a clump of trees.一条小溪从树丛中蜿蜒穿过。
• It was as if he had hacked with his thick boots at a clump of bluebells.仿佛他用自己的厚靴子无情地践踏了一丛野风信子。

4 clumped   

adj.[医]成群的v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的过去式和过去分词 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声

参考例句：

• The bacteria clumped together. 细菌凝集一团。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• He clumped after her, up the stairs, into his barren office. 他拖着沉重的步伐跟在她的后面上楼了，走进了他那个空荡荡的诊所。 来自辞典例句

5 fungi   

n.真菌，霉菌

参考例句：

• Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
• The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。

6 lining   

n.衬里，衬料

参考例句：

• The lining of my coat is torn.我的外套衬里破了。
• Moss makes an attractive lining to wire baskets.用苔藓垫在铁丝篮里很漂亮。

7 mildew   

n.发霉；v.（使）发霉

参考例句：

• The interior was dark and smelled of mildew.里面光线很暗，霉味扑鼻。
• Mildew may form in this weather.这种天气有可能发霉。

8 clumps   

n.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的名词复数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声v.（树、灌木、植物等的）丛、簇( clump的第三人称单数 )；（土、泥等）团；块；笨重的脚步声

参考例句：

• These plants quickly form dense clumps. 这些植物很快形成了浓密的树丛。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The bulbs were over. All that remained of them were clumps of brown leaves. 这些鳞茎死了，剩下的只是一丛丛的黃叶子。 来自《简明英汉词典》