英语听力文摘 English Digest 259、世界是空的？

　　You’ve Got a Lot of Space between Your Ears
Sure, you think the world is full of solid objects. You think the radio you’re listening to is solid. You think the floor you’re standing¹ on or the chair you’re sitting in is solid. Heck, you probably think that you yourself are a solid object. Wrong.
One of the strangest things modern atomic theory has shown us is that what we commonly (1)take to be the world of solid objects is for the most part empty space. That’s right. Even something as reliable as a table, a brick, a baseball, even your body, is (2)by and large just empty space.
Why is that? It’s because you, the baseball, and everything else is made up of atoms. And atoms themselves are mostly empty space… But wait! What about the protons and neutrons² (3)and stuff? Well, they’re in there, but only in the very center. That’s called the nucleus³.

　　An atom’s nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of orbiting electrons. Virtually all the mass of the atom — the stuff and not the fluff — is in the nucleus. And the nucleus is incredibly tiny compared to the overall size of the atom. In fact, it’s about a hundred thousand times smaller. It’s like (4)a speck⁴ of dust floating around inside a cathedral. In between the dust speck and the cathedral walls is nothing but space.
So you are made up of things that are mostly empty space, with occasional specks⁵ floating in them. Does it make you feel kind of empty, too? Don’t worry. Every other object in the world, from a pebble⁶ to (5)Mount Everest, is the same way.
译文：
世界充满了固体物质，你可能对此深信不疑。你会以为，你正在听的收音机是固体的；你正站在上面的地板是固体的；你正坐在上面的椅子是固体的。嘿，你可能说，我自己也是固体呀。可惜，你错了。
现代原子理论带给我们最大的惊奇是，通常被认为是固体的东西其实大部分都是空隙。确实是这样。即使是像桌子，砖头，棒球，甚至你的身体，这些看起来实实在在的东西，其主要构成都是空隙。
为什么这么说呢？这是因为你也好，棒球也好，其它的任何东西也好，都是由原子构成的，而原子本身大部分都是空隙。不过，等一下！你可能会问，不是还有质子、中子吗？它们又在哪里呢？别着急，它们还是在那里，不过只在正中间一点点地方。所以它们被称为原子核。
原子核的周围环绕着一团按轨道运行的电子群。事实上，粗略地说，原子的重量就是原子核的重量，尽管与整个原子相比，原子核小得不可思议。具体地说，原子核比原子小十万倍。形象地说，原子核与原子就如同一粒漂浮的微尘与大教堂，而灰尘和教堂的墙壁之间没有任何东西----全是空隙。
所以你就是由这样的东西构成的：它们基本上都是空隙，几颗微尘漂浮其间。这是否让你感到某种空虚？别担心。世上所有一切，从小小的鹅卵石到巍巍喜马拉雅山，也都是这样构成的。
Notes:
(1)take to be 把 ... 看作是 ..., 把 ... 当作是 ...
(2)by and large 大体上，总的来说
By and large the work of the news agency is appreciative⁷.
一般而论这家新闻社的工作是让人感激的。
(3)and stuff 等等；诸如此类
My Husband will sometimes help me fold and stuff the envelopes.
我的丈夫有时愿意帮助我折叠和塞信封。
(4)a speck of 一点点
Her hand brushed a speck of lint⁸ from her skirt.
她的手掸掉衣裙上的一点棉花絮。
(5)Mount Everest:埃佛勒斯峰:喜马拉雅山主峰之一，中国称珠穆朗玛峰

1 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

2 neutrons   

n.中子( neutron的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The neutrons and protons form the core of the atom. 中子和质子构成了原子核。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• When an atom of U235 is split,several neutrons are set free. 一个铀235原子分裂时，释放出几个中子。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 nucleus   

n.核，核心，原子核

参考例句：

• These young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
• These councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。

4 speck   

n.微粒，小污点，小斑点

参考例句：

• I have not a speck of interest in it.我对它没有任何兴趣。
• The sky is clear and bright without a speck of cloud.天空晴朗，一星星云彩也没有。

5 specks   

n.眼镜；斑点，微粒，污点( speck的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Minutes later Brown spotted two specks in the ocean. 几分钟后布朗发现海洋中有两个小点。 来自英汉非文学 - 百科语料821
• Do you ever seem to see specks in front of your eyes? 你眼睛前面曾似乎看见过小点吗？ 来自辞典例句

6 pebble   

n.卵石，小圆石

参考例句：

• The bird mistook the pebble for egg and tried to hatch it.这只鸟错把卵石当蛋，想去孵它。
• The pebble made a ripple on the surface of the lake.石子在湖面上激起一个涟漪。

7 appreciative   

adj.有鉴赏力的，有眼力的；感激的

参考例句：

• She was deeply appreciative of your help.她对你的帮助深表感激。
• We are very appreciative of their support in this respect.我们十分感谢他们在这方面的支持。

8 lint   

n.线头；绷带用麻布，皮棉

参考例句：

• Flicked the lint off the coat.把大衣上的棉绒弹掉。
• There are a few problems of air pollution by chemicals,lint,etc.,but these are minor.化学品、棉花等也造成一些空气污染问题，但这是次要的。