英语听力文摘 English Digest 348、植物大战毛毛虫

Caterpillar VS Plant
植物大战毛毛虫

If you have kids, you’ve probably read the children's book: The Very Hungry Caterpillar, see, at least five thousand times. If you haven’t had the pleasure, here’s a brief plot summary. A caterpillarhatches from a small, white egg. Extremely hungry, the caterpillar proceeds to eat through several pieces of fruit, an assortment¹ of junk food, and finally, to clear the palate, a nice green leaf. At the risk of ruining the ending, on the final page the caterpillar turns into a beautiful butterfly.

Good plot, great characterization, enticing illustrations. But it leaves out the most exciting part–plant-insect warfare². In the real world, some caterpillars and plants engage in a deadly struggle for survival³. We’re talking full-scale battle, involving chemical weapons no less.

Scientists have known for some time that many plants protect themselves from insect attacks by producing toxins that either ward off or kill insects when they attempt to have the plant for lunch. What scientists have only recently discovered, however, is that the common caterpillar is not without its own arsenal of chemical agents. According to recent studies, a caterpillar can sense when a plant is about to unleash its chemical weapons and counter by producing anti-toxins to neutralize the plant’s attack.

So far, caterpillars seem to have the upper hand. Although different plants produce a wide variety of toxins, many ultimately⁴ rely on two main chemicals. Since caterpillars have evolved⁵ to neutralize these chemicals, they are able to infest over one-hundred toxin-producing plant species⁶ across the United States.

如果你身为人父或身为人母，那你对儿童读物《肚子好饿的毛毛虫》一定不会陌生。如果你还没读过这本书，不要紧，故事讲述了这样一个故事：一条毛毛虫从一个又小又白的卵壳里爬出，饥肠辘辘的毛毛虫狼吞虎咽地咽下不少水果和垃圾食物，最后，还啃下一片可爱的绿树叶来清清肠道。故事的结尾很美满，毛毛虫破茧成蝶！

故事情节很好，文笔细腻，插图精美。但是遗漏了最精彩的环节：植物大战毛毛虫。在现实中，毛毛虫和植物为求生存而殊死搏斗，而全面战争肯定少不了化学武器。下面我们就来谈谈吧！

科学家很早就发现，一些植物释放或分泌有毒物质，击退视植物为午餐的昆虫，以求自保；而这些有毒物质有时是致命的。直到最近，科学家才发现原来毛毛虫普遍也有自己的“化学兵工厂”。据最新研究表明，毛毛虫可以感应植物何时准备释放“化学武器”，而分泌有毒物质抗体，与植物抗衡。

目前，毛毛虫稍占上风。虽然，千差万别的植物释放的有毒物质品种繁多，但是主要归结于两大类。而毛毛虫进化得足以抵御这些化学物质，足以自如应对全美上百种有毒植物。
 

 

1 assortment   

n.分类，各色俱备之物，聚集

参考例句：

• This shop has a good assortment of goods to choose from.该店各色货物俱全，任君选择。
• She was wearing an odd assortment of clothes.她穿着奇装异服。

2 warfare   

n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突

参考例句：

• He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
• Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。

3 survival   

n.留住生命，生存，残存，幸存者

参考例句：

• The doctor told my wife I had a fifty-fifty chance of survival.医生告诉我的妻子，说我活下去的可能性只有50%。
• The old man was a survival of a past age.这位老人是上一代的遗老。

4 ultimately   

adv.最后地，最终地，首要地，基本地

参考例句：

• It was a demeaning and ultimately frustrating experience.那是一次有失颜面并且令人沮丧至极的经历。
• Vitamin C deficiency can ultimately lead to scurvy.缺乏维生素C最终能道致坏血病。

5 evolved   

动词evolve的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic. 这种想法是从我在阁楼里发现的一幅画得到启发的。
• Man was evolved from an ancestor that was probably arboreal. 人大概是从住在树上的祖先进化而来的。

6 species   

n.物种，种群

参考例句：

• Are we the only thinking species in the whole of creation?我们是万物中惟一有思想的物种吗？
• This species of bird now exists only in Africa.这种鸟现在只存在于非洲。