国家地理 看看你吃了什么 又是何时吃的(1)

Michael Roizen, M.D., is chief wellness officer at the Cleveland Clinic and a New York Times best-selling author. Michael Crupain, M.D., is chief medical officer for television's The Dr. Oz Show. Both have long linked a better diet with better health. But their new book, What to Eat When, says emerging science confirms that "when you eat is as essential as what you eat for maintaining a good weight, preventing and curing some diseases, and living a long, energetic, and happy life."

医学博士迈克尔·罗伊森是克利夫兰医学中心的健康总监及《纽约时报》的畅销书作者，医学博士迈克尔·克鲁佩因是电视节目《奥兹医生秀》的首席医疗官。长期以来，他俩一直认为良好的健康状况与良好的饮食相关。但他俩在合著的新书《什么时候吃什么》中却说，最新的科学证实，“要保持适当的体重、预防和治疗某些疾病以及长寿、精力充沛和生活幸福，什么时候吃与吃什么同等重要”。

Ahead of the book's December release, the doctor-authors answered questions for National Geographic¹.

日前，这两位医生作家回答了《国家地理》杂志的提问。

Tell us about the science behind your approach to eating.

请给我们讲讲你们倡导的饮食方法背后的科学原理。

We're all familiar with our biological clocks -- the circadian rhythm that sends out chemical signals at certain times to help us wake, sleep, and do other activities. Well, we also have a food clock with a similar purpose: to sync our consumption of food with chemical reactions in the body.

我们都很熟悉我们自己的生物钟--生物节律在特定的时间发出化学信号，帮助我们醒来、睡去以及从事其他活动。那么，我们体内还有一个作用与之类似的食物钟：能使我们对食物的消耗与体内发生的化学反应同步。

According to these clocks, the optimal² way to eat is to consume more energy earlier in the day and less energy later in the day. But our bodies crave³ the opposite -- more calories at the end of the day and fewer in the morning. This is a holdover from a time when humans' food supply was unreliable and storing energy was an advantage. Today this schedule of eating has negative effects on our health: Studies in animals and humans have associated it with weight gain, chronic⁴ disease, and premature⁵ aging.

根据这些生物钟的要求，最佳的饮食方式是，在一天中的早些时候多消耗些能量，而在晚些时候少消耗能量。但我们的身体对能量的渴求却正好相反--在晚上摄入更多的热量，而早上摄入的热量较少。在人类食物供应不足的时代，储存能量是一种生存优势，这便是那时遗留下来的问题。如今，这种饮食习惯对我们的健康产生了负面影响：对动物和人的研究表明，它会造成体重增加、慢性疾病和早衰。

So we need to override⁶ that craving-driven schedule and eat in a way -- more early, less later -- that aligns⁷ food patterns with our internal clocks. We call this chrononutrition.

因此，我们需要摒弃这种由身体的渴望驱动的饮食习惯，而转变成早上多吃、晚上少吃的饮食方式，使食物的模式与我们的生物钟保持一致，我们称之为“寿命营养学”。

1 geographic   

adj.地理学的，地理的

参考例句：

• The city's success owes much to its geographic position. 这座城市的成功很大程度上归功于它的地理位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Environmental problems pay no heed to these geographic lines. 环境问题并不理会这些地理界限。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

2 optimal   

adj.最适宜的；最理想的；最令人满意的

参考例句：

• What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么？
• Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。

3 crave   

vt.渴望得到，迫切需要，恳求，请求

参考例句：

• Many young children crave attention.许多小孩子渴望得到关心。
• You may be craving for some fresh air.你可能很想呼吸呼吸新鲜空气。

4 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

5 premature   

adj.比预期时间早的；不成熟的，仓促的

参考例句：

• It is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。
• The premature baby is doing well.那个早产的婴儿很健康。

6 override   

vt.不顾，不理睬，否决；压倒，优先于

参考例句：

• The welfare of a child should always override the wishes of its parents.孩子的幸福安康应该永远比父母的愿望来得更重要。
• I'm applying in advance for the authority to override him.我提前申请当局对他进行否决。

7 aligns   

使成一线( align的第三人称单数 )； 排整齐； 校准； 公开支持（某人、集体或观点）

参考例句：

• HASP SRM fully aligns with the software product lifecycle. HASPSRM完全遵循软件产品的生命周期。
• Significant employee aligns the interests of our employees and our shareholders. 员工大量持股可以使员工与股东的利益协调一致。