国家地理 没有垃圾的世界可能存在吗(11)

The other 40 percent, the clothes no one wants, are recycled as wipe cloths or shredded¹ for insulation² or mattress³ stuffing. Some are incinerated. The recycled fraction increasingly includes cheaply made, worn-out items. Boer loses money on almost all of it. Fast fashion, he said, could help put him out of business.

剩下40%没人要的衣服将回收制成抹布，或者粉碎后用于填充床垫的保温层。有一些被焚烧。越来越多价廉质劣的衣物流入这个回收类别，其中几乎所有货品都让博尔赔本。他说，快消时尚可能让他生意难以为继。

There's one form of recycling he makes a modest profit on. For decades Boer has shipped wool sweaters and other loose knits to companies in Prato, Italy, that mechanically tease the wool apart, recapturing long fibers⁴ that can become good-as-new garments. Woven cotton or polyester can't be recycled that way; the fibers end up too short. Half a dozen start-ups are working on technology to chemically recycle these fibers. To spur its development, Boer thinks the European Union should require new clothes to contain, say, 20 percent recycled fibers.

有一种回收方式能让他赚取薄利。数十年来，博尔将羊毛衫和其他松散织物运往意大利普拉托的各家公司，它们用机器拆开毛线，收集能够重制成翻新衣物的长纤维。棉线和聚酯纤维无法如此回收：拆解出来的纤维太短。数家创业公司正在研发新技术，用化学方式回收这类纤维。博尔认为，欧盟应该要求所有新衣服包含20%左右的回收纤维，以鼓励这项产业发展。

"In 10 years it will be there," Boer said. "It has to be there."

“十年内就会落成，”他说，“必须落成。”

At Ellen MacArthur I heard enthusiasm for a different business model, one that might promote circularity in many economic sectors⁵ -- a model based on renting rather than owning. Rent the Runway and other online clothes-rental companies make up less than a 10th of a percent of the global fashion market so far, but they're growing fast.

在艾伦·麦克阿瑟基金会，我听到了对另一种商业模式的热忱，它有望在诸多经济领域中促进资源循环。这是一种基于租赁而非持有的消费模式。各家网上租衣公司目前只占全球时尚市场的不到0.1%，但正在迅速成长。

In theory, renting is more sustainable: If many people share the same item, fewer clothes might be needed overall. In practice, that's not certain; customers might just add luxury rentals⁶ to existing wardrobes. Renting will certainly add to the packaging, shipping⁷, and dry-cleaning of clothes. Writing in Elle recently, journalist Elizabeth Cline, author of two books on fast fashion, tried to sort out the pros⁸ and cons⁹. "Wearing what's already in your closet is the most sustainable way to get dressed," she concluded.

理论上说，租借更加环保：假如一件物品能由多人使用，则所需衣物总量就会减少。但在实践中并不一定如此，顾客们可能只会在原有衣橱基础上附加奢侈品租借。出租也必将增加服装所需的包装、寄运和干洗处理。着有两本快消时尚专着的记者伊丽莎白·克莱因近期在《ELLE》杂志发表文章探讨该模式的利弊两面。“穿自己衣橱中已有的衣物是最具可持续性的着装方式。”她总结道。

1 shredded   

shred的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• Serve the fish on a bed of shredded lettuce. 先铺一层碎生菜叶，再把鱼放上，就可以上桌了。
• I think Mapo beancurd and shredded meat in chilli sauce are quite special. 我觉得麻婆豆腐和鱼香肉丝味道不错。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 insulation   

n.隔离；绝缘；隔热

参考例句：

• Please examine the insulation of the electric wires in my house.请检查一下我屋子里电线的绝缘情况。
• It is always difficult to assure good insulation between the electric leads.要保证两个电触头之间有良好的绝缘总是很困难的。

3 mattress   

n.床垫，床褥

参考例句：

• The straw mattress needs to be aired.草垫子该晾一晾了。
• The new mattress I bought sags in the middle.我买的新床垫中间陷了下去。

4 fibers   

光纤( fiber的名词复数 )； （织物的）质地； 纤维，纤维物质

参考例句：

• Thesolution of collagen-PVA was wet spined with the sodium sulfate as coagulant and collagen-PVA composite fibers were prepared. 在此基础上，以硫酸钠为凝固剂，对胶原-PVA共混溶液进行湿法纺丝，制备了胶原-PVA复合纤维。
• Sympathetic fibers are distributed to all regions of the heart. 交感神经纤维分布于心脏的所有部分。

5 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 rentals   

n.租费，租金额( rental的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• In some large hotels, the income derived from this source actually exceeds income from room rentals. 有些大旅馆中，这方面的盈利实际上要超过出租客房的盈利。 来自辞典例句
• Clerk: Well, Canadian Gifts is on the lower level. It's across from Prime Time Video Rentals. 噢，礼品店在楼下，在黄金时刻录像出租屋的对面。 来自口语例句

7 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

8 pros   

abbr.prosecuting 起诉；prosecutor 起诉人；professionals 自由职业者；proscenium （舞台）前部n.赞成的意见( pro的名词复数 )；赞成的理由；抵偿物；交换物

参考例句：

• The pros and cons cancel out. 正反两种意见抵消。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• We should hear all the pros and cons of the matter before we make a decision. 我们在对这事做出决定之前，应该先听取正反两方面的意见。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 cons   

n.欺骗，骗局( con的名词复数 )v.诈骗，哄骗( con的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The pros and cons cancel out. 正反两种意见抵消。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• We should hear all the pros and cons of the matter before we make a decision. 我们在对这事做出决定之前，应该先听取正反两方面的意见。 来自《简明英汉词典》