华盛顿邮报 谁应该为气候灾难买单？(2)

 

    And so, Sarah, what is the major discussion at this year's COP?

    莎拉，今年的缔约方会议主要讨论的是什么?

    Yeah, so, this year's COP is what they call the implementation¹ COP, which, you know, I can tell your eyes are already glazing² over.

    今年的缔约方会议就是他们所说的执行会议内容，我看得出来你的目光已经呆滞了。

    But it basically means, like, you know, trying to hammer out the details of what needs to happen to get countries to follow through on all of these big commitments that they made to try to curb³ their emissions⁴ and tackle climate change, and also how to get them to increase those commitments to be more ambitious in their pledges.

    但这基本上意味着，要试图制定出需要采取哪些措施的细节，好让各国履行他们做出的所有试图遏制排放和应对气候变化的重大承诺，以及如何让他们增加承诺，使他们的承诺更加雄心勃勃。

    But right before the COP started, the coalition⁵ of developing nations that negotiates together, called the G77, had proposed adding an agenda item around creating a fund for what is called loss and damage.

    但是就在缔约方会议开始之前，共同谈判的发展中国家联盟，即77国集团，曾提议增加一个建立损失和损害基金的议程项目。

    Loss and damages, kind of the U.N. technical jargon⁶ for the irreversible harms of climate change that can't be avoided because they are the result of catastrophes⁷ that are just so severe that there's no way for people to prepare.

    损失和损害是联合国为气候变化带来的不可逆转的危害创造的专业术语，这些危害是无法避免的，因为它们是由严重灾难导致的，人们没有办法做好准备。

    So, when we talk about this loss and damage related to climate change, what does that look like for some of these countries?

    那么，当我们谈到与气候变化相关的损失和损害时，这些国家的情况是怎样的呢?

    Yeah, I mean, loss and damage manifests in a lot of ways.

    损失和损害表现在很多方面。

    It's coastal⁸ erosion from sea-level rise.

    有海平面上升造成的海岸侵蚀。

    It's terrible famines that are linked to prolonged droughts.

    有与长期干旱有关的可怕饥荒。

    It's someone losing their home in a hurricane or a wildfire.

    有在飓风中、在山火中失去家园的人。

    And also it can be loss of culture or identity when, you know, a landscape that is maybe sacred to a community disappears.

    当神圣的景观消失时，对这个群体来说，也可能是文化或身份的丧失。

    But I think that the most apparent example of loss and damage that everyone is talking about here are these horrible floods that happened in Pakistan earlier this year.

    但我认为大家都在谈论的损失和损害最明显的例子是今年早些时候发生在巴基斯坦的可怕洪水。

    Yeah, I think we all remember those -- the severe floods that resulted in hundreds of deaths.

    是的，我想我们都记得那场导致数百人丧生的严重洪水。

    How is that country dealing⁹ with that right now?

    那个国家现在是如何处理的？

    And what are the conversations that COP like, around what happened in Pakistan?

    关于巴基斯坦的洪水，缔约方会议的对话是怎样的?

    Yeah, so, I mean, the scale of it was just horrific.

    是的，灾害的规模太可怕了。

    Basically, a third of Pakistan was underwater.

    基本上，三分之一的巴基斯坦都被水淹没了。

    More than 30 million people were affected¹⁰ in some way.

    超过3000万人在某种程度上受到影响。

    Huge numbers of people were displaced and now have no home, no shelter.

    大量的人流离失所，如今都没有家园，没有避难所。

    They've lost their livelihoods¹¹ because their farmland has flooded.

    他们失去了生计，因为他们的农田被洪水淹没了。

    They don't have access to clean water. They don't have access to food.

    他们无法获得干净的水。他们无法获得食物。

1 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

2 glazing   

n.玻璃装配业；玻璃窗；上釉；上光v.装玻璃( glaze的现在分词 )；上釉于，上光；（目光）变得呆滞无神

参考例句：

• You should ensure against loss of heat by having double glazing. 你应装双层玻璃以免散热。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• You should ensure yourself against loss of heat by having double glazing. 你应该装双层玻璃防止热量散失。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。

4 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

5 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

6 jargon   

n.术语，行话

参考例句：

• They will not hear critics with their horrible jargon.他们不愿意听到评论家们那些可怕的行话。
• It is important not to be overawed by the mathematical jargon.要紧的是不要被数学的术语所吓倒.

7 catastrophes   

n.灾祸( catastrophe的名词复数 )；灾难；不幸事件；困难

参考例句：

• Two of history's worst natural catastrophes occurred in 1970. 1970年发生了历史上最严重两次自然灾害。 来自辞典例句
• The Swiss deposits contain evidence of such catastrophes. 瑞士的遗址里还有这种灾难的证据。 来自辞典例句

8 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

9 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

10 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

11 livelihoods   

生计，谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者，他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小，他们的传统生计受到了威胁。