经济学人278:宗教旅游业 来自天堂的便士

　　Business
商业报道
Religious tourism
宗教旅游业
Pennies from heaven
来自天堂的便士
Pilgrimages are a big business—and getting bigger
朝拜活动内含巨大商机-而且前景持续变好
MECCANS say they do not need agriculture, for God has given them the pilgrimage as their annual crop.
这就是那条路，我相信麦加人说他们不需要农业，因为神已将朝圣之行当作他们一年的作物。
Millions of Muslims are now setting out to take part in this year's haj, a trek¹ to Islam's holiest site, in Saudi Arabia.
几百万穆斯林现正开始了艰苦跋涉，去沙特阿拉伯的伊斯兰圣地麦加朝圣。
2_副本.jpgThe haj, which all Muslims aspire² to do at least once in their lifetimes, now brings in 16.5 billion, around 3% of Saudi GDP.
所有穆斯林们渴望在他们一生中至少实现一次的麦加朝圣占沙特的GDP约3%，也就是165亿美元。
Jerusalem, a holy city for all three Abrahamic religions, also draws crowds of pilgrims, and huge numbers of Shia Muslims visit shrines³ in Iraq.
作为三个亚伯拉罕教圣地的耶路撒冷，也吸引了成群结队的朝圣者，还有大量的什叶派穆斯林去参观位于伊拉克的神龛。
The UN's World Tourism Organisation⁴ estimates that over 300m people go on pilgrimages each year. Countless⁵ others visit shrines or sacred places.
联合国世界旅游组织分析每年有超过3亿人进行超生活动。无数的游客直接参观神龛和圣地。
The numbers are increasing because the Middle East's growing middle class means more tourists, three-quarters of whom travel within the region.
因中东中产阶级不断扩大而增加的人数意味着更多的游客，四分之三的游客是宗教式的旅行。
Abundant tumult⁶ is less likely to deter⁷ those travelling for religious reasons than ordinary tourists.
相对于普通游客，再多的骚乱也不太可能打消那些为了宗教原因去旅行游客的念头。
Shia pilgrims still flock toKarbalaand Najaf inIraq, despite the threat of bombs.
什叶派朝圣者不顾炸弹的威胁仍聚集到伊拉克的卡尔巴拉和纳贾夫。
The person who sees their holiday as a cultural experience will be put off by bad security, but the believer will not, says Kevin Wright, an observer of new tourist markets.
那些被危险吓走的人只是把他们的假期看做一次文化体验，而信仰者们不会信旅游市场观察员Kevin Wright说。
Faith-based tourism in the region dates back to Moses leading his people through Sinai with God as their tour guide, jokes Peter Tarlow, a travel consultant⁸ who is also a rabbi.
宗教里以信念为基础的旅行可追溯到摩西在上帝的指引下带领他的人民通过西奈半岛,犹太教律法专家顾问Peter Tarlow开玩笑说。
In medieval times Venetian traders took Europeans on trips to theHoly Land.Israelhas long promoted religious tourism.
在中世纪，威尼斯商人就把欧洲人带到了前往圣地的路上。
Yet most countries have been slow to profit from their religious sites.
以色列早就发展了宗教旅游业。现在大多数国家慢慢开始在宗教景点上盈利。
One exception is the haj, which has both expanded and gone upmarket.
唯一的例外就是麦加朝圣，它既扩大了高端市场也流失了高端市场。
Oil wealth and a rising identification with Islam have made it a huge moneymaker.
石油财富和对伊斯兰教的同情感的提升都使它成为巨大的赚钱机器。
Posh hotel chains have piled into Mecca, including Raffles⁹, which in 2010 opened the spa-equipped Makkah Palace.
高档酒店链已经充斥麦加，其中包括Raffles在2010年开了带有温泉浴场的Makkah Palace。
Souvenir shops do such a roaring trade that some only bother to open during the haj.
纪念品商店也大肆扩展了贸易，甚至游侠只在麦加朝圣时营业。
Travel firms in the tourists' home countries do nicely too.
旅行者家里的旅行电影也做得很精美。
InEgypt packages cost up to 80,000 Egyptian pounds, according to Reda Dunia, who runs a travel agency inCairo.
根据开罗旅行社Reda Dunia的数据，开罗旅游套餐价格高达80,000欧元。
Some pilgrims grumble¹⁰ about the rising cost of performing their religious duty. Airlines and hotels put up their prices during religious holidays.
一些朝圣者抱怨旅行宗教职责时花销上涨。
Nevertheless, says Mr Dunia, Muslims often save for years for their haj, so most of them are willing to spend money on the experience.
航空公司和酒店在宗教节日时上涨他们的价格。而Dunia却说，穆斯林们经常为了麦加朝圣而存几年的钱，因此他们中大多数愿意在这体验上花钱。
Some tour operators now offer packages that include leisure pursuits alongside the religion.
一些旅行社现在提供包括与宗教擦边的闲暇旅游套餐。
This helps to boost the price tag and might also persuade agnostics and atheists to visit holy sites just for the cultural experience.
这就助涨了价格标签，也可能会吸引一无所知的人和无神论者为了文化经历去参观圣地。
Countries lacking their own religious landmarks¹¹ are now trying to create them.
缺少自己宗教标志的国家正在尝试创造他们。
In June Dubai's authorities announced plans to build a Holy Koran theme park, with walls depicting¹² stories from the Koran and a garden of plants mentioned in it.
六月，迪拜官方宣布计划建立期可兰经圣地主题公园，墙上描绘可兰经里的故事和里面提到的花园里的植物。
Dubaiis betting that the pious¹³ are as profitable as the shoppers and fun-seekers that it currently attracts.
迪拜正豪赌着虔诚信徒们会像消费者和寻欢者们被它吸引的那样为它盈利。
1.set out to 打算，着手
The screenwriter set out to explore the ways in which different people face demanding times.
剧本作者一开始是要探讨不同的人面对艰难时期的方式。
He has set out to make salesforce a more generous and efficient donor¹⁴ than any other firm.
现在贝尼奥夫已经开始让salesforce公司成为一个比别的公司更慷慨、更有效率的慈善家。
2.numbers of 一些，若干，许多
Emboldened¹⁵, aid workers inflate¹⁶ numbers of the starving.
救援人员大胆地夸大了饥民的数量。
Fish in each trial ultimately gobbled up the same numbers of prey¹⁷.
鱼儿们在每次试验中，最终都会吃掉相同数量的猎物。
3.likely to 可能
Other banks are likely to face similar pressure.
其他银行很可能面临着类似的压力。
He is likely to name a middle east peace envoy¹⁸ soon.
他有可能很快命令一名中东和平特使。
4.put off 敷衍；使分心；延期
But the senate has put off action until spring.
但参议院将表决推迟到了明年春季。
I never put off things until the future anymore.
我再也不把事情推迟的未来了。

1 trek   

vi.作长途艰辛的旅行；n.长途艰苦的旅行

参考例句：

• We often go pony-trek in the summer.夏季我们经常骑马旅行。
• It took us the whole day to trek across the rocky terrain.我们花了一整天的时间艰难地穿过那片遍布岩石的地带。

2 aspire   

vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于

参考例句：

• Living together with you is what I aspire toward in my life.和你一起生活是我一生最大的愿望。
• I aspire to be an innovator not a follower.我迫切希望能变成个开创者而不是跟随者。

3 shrines   

圣地，圣坛，神圣场所( shrine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• All three structures dated to the third century and were tentatively identified as shrines. 这3座建筑都建于3 世纪，并且初步鉴定为神庙。
• Their palaces and their shrines are tombs. 它们的宫殿和神殿成了墓穴。

4 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

5 countless   

adj.无数的，多得不计其数的

参考例句：

• In the war countless innocent people lost their lives.在这场战争中无数无辜的人丧失了性命。
• I've told you countless times.我已经告诉你无数遍了。

6 tumult   

n.喧哗；激动，混乱；吵闹

参考例句：

• The tumult in the streets awakened everyone in the house.街上的喧哗吵醒了屋子里的每一个人。
• His voice disappeared under growing tumult.他的声音消失在越来越响的喧哗声中。

7 deter   

vt.阻止，使不敢，吓住

参考例句：

• Failure did not deter us from trying it again.失败并没有能阻挡我们再次进行试验。
• Dogs can deter unwelcome intruders.狗能够阻拦不受欢迎的闯入者。

8 consultant   

n.顾问；会诊医师，专科医生

参考例句：

• He is a consultant on law affairs to the mayor.他是市长的一个法律顾问。
• Originally,Gar had agreed to come up as a consultant.原来，加尔只答应来充当我们的顾问。

9 raffles   

n.抽彩售物( raffle的名词复数 )v.以抽彩方式售（物）( raffle的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Elsa and I will buzz on to the Raffles bar. 埃尔莎和我继续往前去，到拉福尔旅馆的酒巴。 来自辞典例句
• Tudsbury rushed to the Raffles and dictated this hot story to Pamela. 塔茨伯利冲到拉福尔旅馆，对帕米拉口述了这个最新消息。 来自辞典例句

10 grumble   

vi.抱怨；咕哝；n.抱怨，牢骚；咕哝，隆隆声

参考例句：

• I don't want to hear another grumble from you.我不愿再听到你的抱怨。
• He could do nothing but grumble over the situation.他除了埋怨局势之外别无他法。

11 landmarks   

n.陆标( landmark的名词复数 )；目标；（标志重要阶段的）里程碑 ~ (in sth)；有历史意义的建筑物（或遗址）

参考例句：

• The book stands out as one of the notable landmarks in the progress of modern science. 这部著作是现代科学发展史上著名的里程碑之一。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The baby was one of the big landmarks in our relationship. 孩子的出世是我们俩关系中的一个重要转折点。 来自辞典例句

12 depicting   

描绘，描画( depict的现在分词 )； 描述

参考例句：

• a painting depicting the Virgin and Child 一幅描绘童贞马利亚和圣子耶稣的画
• The movie depicting the battles and bloodshed is bound to strike home. 这部描写战斗和流血牺牲的影片一定会取得预期效果。

13 pious   

adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的

参考例句：

• Alexander is a pious follower of the faith.亚历山大是个虔诚的信徒。
• Her mother was a pious Christian.她母亲是一个虔诚的基督教徒。

14 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

15 emboldened   

v.鼓励，使有胆量( embolden的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Emboldened by the wine, he went over to introduce himself to her. 他借酒壮胆，走上前去向她作自我介绍。
• His success emboldened him to expand his business. 他有了成就因而激发他进一步扩展业务。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 inflate   

vt.使膨胀，使骄傲，抬高（物价）

参考例句：

• The buyers bid against each other and often inflate the prices they pay.买主们竞相投标，往往人为地提高价钱。
• Stuart jumped into the sea and inflated the liferaft.斯图尔特跳到海里给救生艇充气。

17 prey   

n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨

参考例句：

• Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
• The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。

18 envoy   

n.使节，使者，代表，公使

参考例句：

• Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。
• The government has not yet appointed an envoy to the area.政府尚未向这一地区派过外交官。