经济学人:国外的巴尔干战士 为正义而战

 　　Balkan warriors¹ abroad

　　国外的巴尔干战士

　　Fight the good fight

　　为正义而战

　　With the Western Balkans at peace, some go abroad to look for war

　　西巴尔干地区一片和平，有些人因此赴国外参战

　　FROM the Sea of Azov to Aleppo, fighters from the western Balkans are at war. So worried are their governments that laws have been passed to make fighting abroad illegal, and their security services co-operate with foreign ones to monitor them. The numbers are small, but the Balkans looms² relatively³ large on foreign battlefields.

　　来自西巴尔干地区的战士在亚速海至阿勒颇〔叙利亚城市〕一带作战。西巴尔干各国政府为此忧心如焚，遂立法，规定国外参战属违法行为，同时各国安全部门与国外相应部门合作，以监控本国战士。巴尔干地区的参战人数虽少，但他们在国外战场上的踪迹相当广泛。

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　　Orthodox Christian⁴ Serbs are joining pro-Russian rebels in Ukraine while Catholic Croats fight on Ukraine's side. Muslim Albanians, Bosniaks and Muslims from Sandzak, the area straddling Serbia and Montenegro, have gone to fight inIraq and Syria. All spread their messages online and send greetings to one another. Last month two gloating Croats speaking on YouTube said “Hope to see you soon!” to their Serb “friends”. For Serbs and Croats, this war is a replay of their own conflict in the 1990s as much as an adventure or crusade.

　　信奉东正教的塞尔维亚人在乌克兰加入支持俄罗斯的反政府军，而信奉天主教的克罗地亚人则代表乌克兰战斗。信奉穆斯林的阿尔巴尼亚人、波斯尼亚人以及桑扎克地区（跨越塞尔维亚与黑山两国的地带）的人远赴伊拉克与叙利亚作战。所有战士在网上传递讯息，并相互问候。3月份，两名克罗地亚人甚至洋洋自得地在YouTube上发布视频，向他们的塞尔维亚“朋友”说“希望快点见到你们！”。对于塞尔维亚人和克罗地亚人而言，这场战争重演了20世纪90年代他们的内部冲突，可以说是一次冒险经历，也可以说是一场宗教战争。

　　Recently Serbs in eastern Ukraine have been more taken up with their internal conflicts. The highest-profile Serb in eastern Ukraine is Radomir Pocuca, once a spokesman for Serbia's interior ministry⁵. Last month he was captured by other Serb fighters. He was humiliated⁶ by pictures on Facebook of him bound and blindfolded⁷, wearing a shirt emblazoned with a Serbian flag and the motto “Serbian Honour”.

　　然而，乌克兰东部的塞尔维亚人可能更关注的是他们的内部冲突。这些人当中名声最大的当属Radomir Pocuca，他曾担任塞尔维亚内务部的发言人。3月份，一些同胞战士将其逮捕，他们在Facebook上发布了Radomir Pocuca的照片，照片中他被捆绑着，蒙住眼睛，身穿印有塞尔维亚国旗图案和“塞尔维亚人的荣耀”字样的T恤，以此来羞辱他。

　　Many Serbs are affiliated⁸ to small ultranationalist groups. They loathe¹⁰ their government, hate the European Union and are against joining NATO. They believe they are fighting a Christian fight. In this they are like the Croats who have joined Ukraine's Azov Battalion¹¹, a unit notorious for its neo-Nazi symbol that has attracted volunteers from the far right across Europe.

　　很多塞尔维亚人属于小型极端民族主义组织成员。他们憎恶政府，憎恨欧盟，反对加入北约组织。他们认为自己是为正义而战。这一点与克罗地亚人相似，后者加入了乌克兰的亚速军营。该部队因采用新的纳粹主义标志而远近闻名，吸引了来自欧洲各地的极右主义人士。

　　Although they get much attention, says Kacper Rekawek, a Polish researcher, there are relatively few foreigners in Ukraine, other than Russians. He reckons about 300 fighters have passed through on each side. But with up to 100 Serbs having fought for the rebels, they have been among the biggest group of foreigners. Croats, with 25-odd fighters, have been the third-largest foreign contingent¹² on Ukraine's side.

　　波兰研究学家Kacper Rekawek表示，尽管他们吸引了不少目光，但乌克兰境内的外国人除俄罗斯人外，相当之少。他认为，双方各有约300名战士进入境内。但在反政府军中作战的塞尔维亚人高达100人，成为最大的外国作战团。而作战的克罗地亚人约有25人，成为支持乌克兰政府的第三大外国战队。

　　In Syria and Iraqthe numbers are a lot bigger. Shpend Kursani, author of a report on Kosovars fighting there, says he has identified 232. There have been 330 Bosnians, 90 Albanians, 70 Serbians and 12 Macedonians. The leader of the Albanian contingent in Islamic State is Lavdrim Muhaxheri who, one returned member told Mr Kursani, is obsessed¹³ with his ratings on social media. Mr Muhaxheri has made one video in which he beheads an Iraqi captive. Mr Kursani finds that, when jihadists are counted as a percentage of countries' populations, Kosovo is top of a list of 22 countries,Bosnia second and Albania fourth. As a percentage of Muslims in each country, though, Kosovo comes 14th, between Germany and Spain. Bosniais 11th and Albania 20th. The top nine countries are west European.

　　而在叙利亚和伊拉克参战的人数相比甚多。科索沃作战报告的作者Shpend Kursani表示已确定232人的身份，其中波斯尼亚人330名，阿尔巴尼亚人90名，塞尔维亚人70名，马其顿人12名。一名回国战士向他透露，位于伊斯兰国的阿尔巴尼亚人战队领导人是Lavdrim Muhaxheri，他痴迷于增加自己在社会媒体中的人气。这位领导人亲手砍下一名伊拉克俘虏的人头，并录下视频。Kursani学者发现，如果以整个国家的人口作为基数，科索沃的圣战主义者在22个国家当中所占比例最大，波斯尼亚第二，阿尔巴尼亚第四。然而，如果以每个国家的穆斯林人口作为基数，那么科索沃的圣战主义者所占比例居于十四位，位于德国和西班牙之间。波斯尼亚位居十一位，阿尔巴尼亚二十位。位居前九名的国家均来自于西欧。

　　According to Mr Kursani, most Kosovars in Syria are from rural areas and poorly educated. Nearly two-fifths have criminal records. Some 34 are known to have been killed. Contrary to popular belief, which blames Saudi influence, Mr Kursani finds that the fighters have been motivated by the Takfiri ideology¹⁴, which has been spreading recently into Kosovo through Albanian imams living in Macedonia, who first embraced it in Egypt.

　　根据Kursani的研究，在叙利亚的大部分科索沃人来自偏远地区，受教育程度低。近五分之二的人有过犯罪记录。而已知的战死人数约为34人。他发现，由于受沙特人的不良影响，这些战士没有相信普遍观点，相反，在塔克菲理思想的激化下赴外作战。该思想最近通过居住在马其顿的阿尔巴尼亚籍伊玛目（清真寺内率领穆斯林做礼拜的人）传入科索沃，传入者在埃及首次皈依于这一思想。

　　Most fighters face arrest when they return (though not in Croatia, where fighting in foreign wars is not outlawed). This may be why fewer are going now. Balkan governments want neither extreme nationalists nor violent Islamists causing trouble. What is striking is the degree to which, apart from their religions, most Balkan fighters are so broadly united: against liberalism and the West.

　　大部分战士回国后会被逮捕（然而，克罗地亚除外，参加国外战争在该国并不违法）。这也许是现在几乎无人回国的原因。巴尔干各国政府既不欢迎极端民族主义者，也不欢迎暴力、惹事端的伊斯兰教人士。然而，这些巴尔干战士存宗教信仰之异，如此广泛地团结起来反对自由主义和西方世界，着实让人震惊。

　　1.hope to 希望

　　例句:Democrats¹⁵ hope to finish the draft in a week.

　　民主党人士希望在一周内完成该草案。

　　2.affiliate⁹ to 附属于

　　例句:Last year, for instance, u. s.intelligence officials learned of plans by an al-qaeda affiliate to publish an online jihadist magazine in english called inspire,according to numerous current and senior u. s.officials.

　　例如去年，美国情报官员从一个阿尔凯达成员了解到创建吉哈德英文版的网络杂志起名叫激励，根据大量的当前的和资深美国官员。

　　3.according to 根据，按照；据…所说

　　例句:They must take their own decision according to their own legal advice.

　　他们必须根据各自律师的意见自行决定。

　　4.go abroad 出国

　　例句:German universities come low in world rankings, so good students often go abroad.

　　德国的大学在世界排名上也比较靠后，所以好学生常常都选择出国念书。

1 warriors   

武士，勇士，战士( warrior的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• I like reading the stories ofancient warriors. 我喜欢读有关古代武士的故事。
• The warriors speared the man to death. 武士们把那个男子戳死了。

2 looms   

n.织布机( loom的名词复数 )v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的第三人称单数 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近

参考例句：

• All were busily engaged,men at their ploughs,women at their looms. 大家都很忙，男的耕田，女的织布。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The factory has twenty-five looms. 那家工厂有25台织布机。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

4 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

5 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

6 humiliated   

感到羞愧的

参考例句：

• Parents are humiliated if their children behave badly when guests are present. 子女在客人面前举止失当，父母也失体面。
• He was ashamed and bitterly humiliated. 他感到羞耻，丢尽了面子。

7 blindfolded   

v.（尤指用布）挡住（某人）的视线( blindfold的过去式 )；蒙住（某人）的眼睛；使不理解；蒙骗

参考例句：

• The hostages were tied up and blindfolded. 人质被捆绑起来并蒙上了眼睛。
• They were each blindfolded with big red handkerchiefs. 他们每个人的眼睛都被一块红色大手巾蒙住了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 affiliated   

adj. 附属的, 有关连的

参考例句：

• The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
• All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。

9 affiliate   

vt.使隶(附)属于；n.附属机构，分公司

参考例句：

• Our New York company has an affiliate in Los Angeles.我们的纽约公司在洛杉矶有一个下属企业。
• What is the difference between affiliate and regular membership?固定会员和附属会员之间的区别是什么？

10 loathe   

v.厌恶，嫌恶

参考例句：

• I loathe the smell of burning rubber.我厌恶燃着的橡胶散发的气味。
• You loathe the smell of greasy food when you are seasick.当你晕船时，你会厌恶油腻的气味。

11 battalion   

n.营；部队；大队(的人)

参考例句：

• The town was garrisoned by a battalion.该镇由一营士兵驻守。
• At the end of the drill parade,the battalion fell out.操练之后，队伍解散了。

12 contingent   

adj.视条件而定的；n.一组，代表团，分遣队

参考例句：

• The contingent marched in the direction of the Western Hills.队伍朝西山的方向前进。
• Whether or not we arrive on time is contingent on the weather.我们是否按时到达要视天气情况而定。

13 obsessed   

adj.心神不宁的,鬼迷心窍的,沉迷的

参考例句：

• He's obsessed by computers. 他迷上了电脑。
• The fear of death obsessed him throughout his old life. 他晚年一直受着死亡恐惧的困扰。

14 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。

15 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》