经济学人:乌克兰大选 好马无好鞍

 　　Ukraine's election

　　乌克兰大选

　　Good voters, not such good guys

　　好马无好鞍

　　The poll results were promising¹, but the future for Ukraine is dauntingly² difficult

　　大选的结局充满希望，但是乌克兰的未来依然扑朔迷离

　　TO ALL appearances, Ukraine's parliamentary election on October 26th was a triumph. Reformists mostly won and voters rebuked³ the far right and far left. Western allies heaped praise on the pro-European, pro-democratic results. Yet Ukraine remains⁴ troubled and deeply divided.

　　从各方面来说，10月26号乌克兰议会选举的结果都是振奋人心的。改革派取得了绝对的胜利，选民们也击退了极右和极左主义。乌克兰的西方盟友对于这种亲欧盟，和民主化的选举结果给予了极高的赞扬。然而乌克兰依然面临不少困难并且深陷分裂的危机中。

　　乌克兰大选.jpg

　　In an upset, the People's Front party of Arseniy Yatsenyuk, the prime minister, narrowly beat President Petro Poroshenko's bloc⁵ by 22.2% to 21.8%. This means that Ukraine will keep two power centres, as Mr Yatsenyuk seems sure to stay in office. Mr Poroshenko had hoped to win a majority and install a loyalist instead. Now the People's Front and the Poroshenko Bloc must form a coalition⁶, probably with the third-placed Samopomich (self-help) party, led by the mayor of Lviv. The six parties that reached a 5% threshold will fill half of the 450-seat parliament (Rada) from their party lists. The rest will come from districts where deputies are elected directly and only later join party factions⁷.

　　在一种惴惴不安的气氛中，代理总理亚采纽克领导的人民前线党最终以22.2%对21.8%的微弱优势击败了总统彼得·波罗申科领导的政治联盟。这意味着乌克兰将存在两个权力中心，因此亚采纽克看上去铁定会继续在位。相反的波罗申科曾经最希望看到的结果是能赢得大多数选票并且能扶持一个忠诚的支持者。现在，人民前线和波罗申科的党派必须同第三方新兴政党——由 Lviv市市长领导的Samopomich（自主联盟）建立一个政治联盟。六个赢得了进入议会门槛——5%选票的政党将用自己的成员填满其中过半的席位。剩下的席位将从各地区的直接选举并且接下来也将加入各自的小团体。

　　The vote reflected the western regions' power in the new Ukraine. Turnout was highest in the west, and relatively⁸ low overall at 52% (down from 60% in May's presidential election). In Lviv 70% of voters showed up, against only 40% in Odessa. In Ukrainian-controlled areas of the Donbas turnout was just 32%. Neither Crimea nor the separatist-held eastern regions voted (their 27 seats in the Rada will stay empty).

　　这次大选反应了西部地区在新乌克兰的影响力。相对于5月份总统大选时西部选民占据60%的情况来说，此次比例有所下降（这次仅有52%）。在Lviv 有70%的选民出席，对应的在敖德萨仅仅只有40%的选民参与了投票。在乌克兰控制的顿涅茨克地区出席率也仅仅只有32%，更不用说在克里米亚和分裂主义者控制的东部地区了。（他们在议会中的27个席位将暂时闲置。）

　　The Opposition⁹ Bloc, a revamped version of Viktor Yanukovych's reviled¹⁰ Party of Regions, got into the Rada, after finishing fourth, with 9%. The party won much of the south-east—Donetsk, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Zaporizhia and even Dnipropetrovsk. Joining them in parliament will be some 60-70 directly elected deputies aligned¹¹ with the old regime. Their presence will incense¹² first-time politicians drawn¹³ from the Maidan movement who fought hard to oust¹⁴ Mr Yanukovych. It will also upset Ukraine's volunteer battalions¹⁵, including commanders of three powerful anti-rebel paramilitary groups who were elected.

　　反对党——改头换面的亚努科维奇讽刺地区党最终以第四名的身份——获得了9%的选票陈宫进入议会。他们赢得大多数顿涅茨克东南部；路甘斯克；哈尔科夫；扎波罗热甚至是第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区的选票。他们的入选将给议会带来60到70名与旧政体站在同一战线的直系代理人。这些人的出席将激怒那些费尽心思废黜了亚努科维奇（“买单”运动）之后诞生的第一批政治家。随着包括三名反政府准军事武装组织的领导人在内的一批人的介入，乌克兰志愿军陷入了深深的不安之中。

　　Co-operation with the Opposition Bloc, which includes Mr Yanukovych's former chief of staff, Sergei Levochkin, will be unpalatable. But Hannes Schreiber, of the EU delegation¹⁶ in Kiev, argues it will be “decisive to have the former ruling side in the dialogue”. Failure to do so would increase feelings of exclusion¹⁷ in Russian-leaning regions, where Kremlin agents continue to sow dissent¹⁸. (Ukrainian security services say they detained pro-Russian “diversion groups” in Kharkiv, Odessa, Zaporizhia, Mariupol and Kiev before the vote.)

　　很多人都认为和亚努科维的前首席参谋长Sergei Levochkin所在的反对党合作是非常失败的。但是欧盟在基辅的代言人Hannes Schreiber坚称让前执政党的势力参与对话是非常必要的。如果不这样做，将会助长那些克林姆林宫持续散播分裂主义种子的亲俄地区的抵触情绪。（乌克兰安全委员会声称他们在大选之前阻拦了大批位于哈尔科夫，敖德萨，扎波罗热，马里乌波尔和基辅的“转移组织”。）

　　Even more destructive would be infighting within the coalition. Whereas the parties' broad pro-European aims are aligned, their business interests and personal ambitions are not. Horse-trading for jobs and squabbling over reforms has already begun. Mr Poroshenko and Mr Yatsenyuk have both put forward their own proposals. Mr Yatsenyuk, who takes a hawkish¹⁹ attitude to Russia, has declared himself the election's winner and put “restoration of sovereignty and territorial²⁰ integrity” at the top of his cabinet's priorities.

　　事实上联盟内斗带来的危害更大。在那里虽然广大亲欧盟党派的目标是一致的，但是他们的商业和个人利益却不尽相同。关于就业和改革讨价还价般的争执已然开始。不管是波罗申科还是亚采纽克都在推行他们各自的主张。亚采纽克一直对俄罗斯采取极度强硬的态度，他声称自己是大选的胜利者并且将实现“国家主权和领土完整”列为自己执政的第一要务。

　　Mr Poroshenko, who has more allies among directly elected deputies, will not easily relinquish²¹ the reins²². He seems determined²³ to direct reforms from the presidential administration, where his aides have spent months preparing draft laws, with a focus on deregulation, judicial²⁴ reform and decentralisation. After the 2004 Orange revolution, conflicts between the president and the prime minister plagued the government, which squandered²⁵ the chance of broad change to the system. Mr Poroshenko and Mr Yatsenyuk must learn from those mistakes. “Delay with reforms is fatal for us,” Mr Poroshenko himself said.

　　在那些直接选举产生的代表中拥有更多盟友的总统波罗申科绝对不会轻易放弃这股力量。他似乎决心通过总统的权力进行直接改革，他的助手们花了几个月的时间来制定法律，这些新法案专注于解除管制，司法改革以及权力下放。事实上，自从2004年的橙色革命之后，总理和总统间的权力冲突一直困扰着乌克兰政府，而这种行为极大地浪费了体制改革的机会。不论是波罗申科还是亚采纽克都必须从之前的错误中吸取教训。波罗申科表示“对我们来说，拖延改革是极其致命的。”

　　At stake is the survival not just of the new government, but of Ukraine itself. The economy, teetering on the verge²⁶ of collapse²⁷, depends on foreign aid that is linked to reforms. This week the EU promised more help. But reforms are likely only to increase the pain for people ravaged²⁸ by war and facing a gas-starved winter.

　　不论是对于幸存的新政府还是乌克兰本身来说，现在的情况都是危如累卵。国家经济接近崩溃，全靠国际援助支撑，这种支撑还得依靠改革的成效来维系。本周，欧盟当局承诺给予更多援助。但是就目前来看，一系列改革措施只能增加人们因战争带来的痛楚，同时还得面对一个没有天然气的寒冬。

　　Ukraine has to contend with its rebels and with Vladimir Putin (see article). The separatist republics in Donetsk and Luhansk will hold elections on November 2nd, a vote that Kiev condemns²⁹ but Moscow will recognise. Ukrainian soldiers, two-thirds of whom did not vote because they could not leave their positions, still die on the front. On their way to the polls during a freezing election day in Kiev, voters expressed only tepid³⁰ hopes. “The people won't tolerate the politicians' games any longer,” said Svetlana Ischenko, 68, in the foyer of Lesya Ukrainka Gymnasium. “If we don't change now, either Ukraine will fall to pieces or Putin will take us over.” Unfortunately, she may be right.

　　乌克兰不但要和反政府武装斗争还要随时提防普京。位于顿涅茨克和卢甘斯克的分离派共和政体将在11月2号举行选举，即便基辅极力谴责，但是莫斯科显然会承认这一行为。接近三分之二的乌克兰士兵并未参加选举，因为他们不能离开自己的岗位，他们依然在前线牺牲。在一个寒风凛冽的日子去基辅参加投票，选民们表达出一种微弱的希望。68岁的Svetlana Ischenko在Lesya Ukrainka体育馆表示：“人们已经受够政治家们的游戏！如果我们现在还不改变，要么乌克兰彻底完蛋，要么普京将来接管我们。”即便很残酷，但她可能说出了实情。

　　1.hope to 希望

　　例句:I hope to God they are paying you well.

　　我真希望他们给你一份好的酬劳。

　　2.show up 露面；出席；到场

　　例句:We waited until five o'clock, but he did not show up.

　　我们一直等到了5点，但是他始终没有露面。

　　3.continue to 继续；不断地

　　例句:The finance minister will continue to mastermind Poland's economic reform.

　　财政部长将继续策划波兰的经济改革。

　　4.focus on 聚焦；集中

　　例句:Their talks are expected to focus on arms control.

　　他们的会谈预计会集中讨论军备控制问题。

1 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

2 dauntingly   

参考例句：

• She is dauntingly articulate. 她的能言善辩令人敬畏。 来自柯林斯例句

3 rebuked   

责难或指责( rebuke的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The company was publicly rebuked for having neglected safety procedures. 公司因忽略了安全规程而受到公开批评。
• The teacher rebuked the boy for throwing paper on the floor. 老师指责这个男孩将纸丢在地板上。

4 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

5 bloc   

n.集团；联盟

参考例句：

• A solid bloc of union members support the decision.工会会员团结起来支持该决定。
• There have been growing tensions within the trading bloc.贸易同盟国的关系越来越紧张。

6 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

7 factions   

组织中的小派别，派系( faction的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The gens also lives on in the "factions." 氏族此外还继续存在于“factions〔“帮”〕中。 来自英汉非文学 - 家庭、私有制和国家的起源
• rival factions within the administration 政府中的对立派别

8 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

9 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

10 reviled   

v.辱骂，痛斥( revile的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The tramp reviled the man who drove him off. 流浪汉辱骂那位赶他走开的人。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The old man reviled against corruption. 那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 aligned   

adj.对齐的，均衡的

参考例句：

• Make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard.务必使搁架与橱柜顶端对齐。

12 incense   

v.激怒；n.香，焚香时的烟，香气

参考例句：

• This proposal will incense conservation campaigners.这项提议会激怒环保人士。
• In summer,they usually burn some coil incense to keep away the mosquitoes.夏天他们通常点香驱蚊。

13 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

14 oust   

vt.剥夺，取代，驱逐

参考例句：

• The committee wanted to oust him from the union.委员会想把他从工会中驱逐出去。
• The leaders have been ousted from power by nationalists.这些领导人被民族主义者赶下了台。

15 battalions   

n.（陆军的）一营（大约有一千兵士）( battalion的名词复数 )；协同作战的部队；军队；（组织在一起工作的）队伍

参考例句：

• God is always on the side of the strongest battalions. 上帝总是帮助强者。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Two battalions were disposed for an attack on the air base. 配置两个营的兵力进攻空军基地。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

16 delegation   

n.代表团；派遣

参考例句：

• The statement of our delegation was singularly appropriate to the occasion.我们代表团的声明非常适合时宜。
• We shall inform you of the date of the delegation's arrival.我们将把代表团到达的日期通知你。

17 exclusion   

n.拒绝，排除，排斥，远足，远途旅行

参考例句：

• Don't revise a few topics to the exclusion of all others.不要修改少数论题以致排除所有其他的。
• He plays golf to the exclusion of all other sports.他专打高尔夫球，其他运动一概不参加。

18 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

19 hawkish   

adj. 鹰派的, 强硬派的

参考例句：

• My staff's advice that first day was amazingly hawkish. 在第一天，我的僚属们的意见是令人吃惊的鹰派意见。
• Antiwar groups fear Barack Obama may create hawkish Cabinet. 反战团体担心巴拉克·奥巴马可以创建强硬派内阁。

20 territorial   

adj.领土的，领地的

参考例句：

• The country is fighting to preserve its territorial integrity.该国在为保持领土的完整而进行斗争。
• They were not allowed to fish in our territorial waters.不允许他们在我国领海捕鱼。

21 relinquish   

v.放弃，撤回，让与，放手

参考例句：

• He was forced to relinquish control of the company.他被迫放弃公司的掌控权。
• They will never voluntarily relinquish their independence.他们绝对不会自动放弃独立。

22 reins   

感情，激情； 缰( rein的名词复数 )； 控制手段； 掌管； （成人带着幼儿走路以防其走失时用的）保护带

参考例句：

• She pulled gently on the reins. 她轻轻地拉着缰绳。
• The government has imposed strict reins on the import of luxury goods. 政府对奢侈品的进口有严格的控制手段。

23 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

24 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

25 squandered   

v.（指钱，财产等）浪费，乱花( squander的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He squandered all his money on gambling. 他把自己所有的钱都糟蹋在赌博上了。
• She felt as indignant as if her own money had been squandered. 她心里十分生气，好像是她自己的钱给浪费掉了似的。 来自飘（部分）

26 verge   

n.边，边缘；v.接近，濒临

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• She was on the verge of bursting into tears.她快要哭出来了。

27 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

28 ravaged   

毁坏( ravage的过去式和过去分词 )； 蹂躏； 劫掠； 抢劫

参考例句：

• a country ravaged by civil war 遭受内战重创的国家
• The whole area was ravaged by forest fires. 森林火灾使整个地区荒废了。

29 condemns   

v.（通常因道义上的原因而）谴责( condemn的第三人称单数 )；宣判；宣布…不能使用；迫使…陷于不幸的境地

参考例句：

• Her widowhood condemns her to a lonely old age. 守寡使她不得不过着孤独的晚年生活。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The public opinion condemns prostitution. 公众舆论遣责卖淫。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

30 tepid   

adj.微温的，温热的，不太热心的

参考例句：

• She bent her mouth to the tap and drank the tepid water.她把嘴伸到水龙头底下去喝那微温的水。
• Her feet firmly planted on the tepid rough brick of the floor.她一双脚稳固地立在微温而粗糙的砖地上。