经济学人:匈牙利的过去 有争议的遗产

 　　Hungary's past

　　匈牙利的过去

　　His contentious¹ legacy²

　　有争议的“遗产”

　　A wartime leader still divides Hungarians

　　匈牙利战时领袖依旧掀起大争议

　　ADMIRAL MIKLOS HORTHY, Hungary's controversial wartime leader and an ally of Hitler, is enjoying something of a revival³ of late. The latest addition to the dozen or so commemorative plaques⁴, statues and street renamings was unveiled on November 3rd at a Calvinist church in a central square in Budapest.

　　Miklos Horthy de Nagybanya是匈牙利的战时领袖，希特勒的盟友，曾饱受社会争议，如今再次被推上舆论的风口浪尖。近期于11月3日，位于匈牙利首都布达佩斯市中心广场的一家加尔文主义教堂，宣布新增12处或更多的纪念牌匾、雕像及街道更名。

　　Hundreds of protesters, many wearing yellow stars, exchanged insults with those attending the presentation of a new statue supported by the far-right Jobbik party. Under its minister, Lorant Hegedus junior, the church has long been a place of pilgrimage for the far right. The Horthy statue has caused consternation⁵ and anger in the church. Istvan Szabo, the local bishop⁶, called for an urgent inquiry⁷. Reform church ministers should refrain from divisive and shocking behaviour, he said.

　　数百人身着黄星，出席抗议，与在会的其他人互诉参加此次由极右政党Jobbik 发起的新雕塑揭幕仪式是多么大的耻辱。因为现任牧师Lorant Hegedus junior，教堂早已俨然成为极右派的圣地。看到雕塑是Horthy的那一刹那，众人着实大吃一惊，继而悲愤不已。当地教主Istvan Szabo对此立马提出疑问，要求得到解释。他提出，改革派教堂的牧师应该避免出现内部分裂惊乍行为。

　　Antal Rogan, the local mayor and parliamentary leader of the ruling centre-right Fidesz party, condemned⁹ the statue as “provocation”. But so far the government has hedged its bets. Janos Lazar, the head of the prime minister's office, said that Horthy's rule should be assessed by historians not politicians. The government uses double talk about Horthy, says Krisztian Ungvary, a historian. “They have to win Jobbik voters so they will never openly and consistently condemn⁸ the Horthy era, as it would upset their supporters.”

　　Antal Rogan是布达佩斯市市长，兼任极右派Fidesz 党的议会负责人，他谴责塑立Horthy的雕像完全是一种挑衅。不过，政府采纳明哲保身的态度，至今还尚未作出明确表态。内阁首相Janos Lazar表示，论Horthy统治的功与过应该是历史学家的事儿，政治家无需干涉。历史学家Krisztian Ungvary对此回应，政府在Horthy一事上陈述含糊，模棱两可。“因为要赢取Jobbik党的选票，他们必定不能公开一味地谴责Horthy的统治时期，否则会惹怒这群支持者。

　　Nonsense, say officials. A Fidesz government established the Budapest Holocaust¹⁰ Memorial Centre in 2002. The government has set up a commission to commemorate¹¹ the 70th anniversary of the mass deportations to Auschwitz. Speaking at a conference on anti-Semitism recently, Tibor Navracsics, the deputy prime minister, said in an unprecedented¹³ admission of wartime guilt¹⁴ that the Hungarian state had turned on its own citizens. “The perpetrators were Hungarians, it was Hungarians who fired the shots and it was Hungarians who died,” he said.

　　一派胡言，官方如此说道。Fidesz政府于2002年建立。同时，设立一委员会主持策划布达佩斯的大屠杀纪念中心70周年活动。匈牙利副总理Tibor Navracsics最近在一次有关犹太歧视问题的会议上，破天荒地承认了国家过去发起战争的罪行，表达了忏悔之心，并表示已在民众施以同样的情感教育。他这样说道，“罪在匈牙利，匈牙利始作俑者，开枪，最后至死的也是匈牙利自己。”

　　Admiral Horthy still arouses furious passions. He declared war on the Allies in 1941. Hungary's war on the eastern front saw 200,000 soldiers killed or captured. Jewish servicemen and political prisoners were forced to march through minefields to clear them. Horthy passed four anti-Jewish laws, the earliest, in 1920, limiting the number of Jewish students at universities, the last, in 1941, outlawing¹⁵ sexual intercourse¹⁶ between Jews and non-Jews. After the Nazis¹⁷ invaded Hungary in March 1944, Horthy allowed 437,000 Hungarian Jews to be deported¹⁸ to Auschwitz in less than two months. Most were killed on arrival.

　　提及Admiral Horthy，民众仍旧义愤填膺。1941年，他对盟友宣战。在这场东进战争中，高达20万士兵或是牺牲，或是被捕。而后，迫使犹太士兵或政治俘虏跨越矿区为那些匈牙利士兵收尸。Admiral Horthy共颁布4部反犹太法，最早的是在1920年，限制犹太族上大学人数，最后一部是在1941年，禁止犹太人与其他种族通婚。当1944年3月，纳粹攻陷匈牙利时，Admiral Horthy同意把43。7万犹太人逐往，历时不到两个月。大多数犹太人一到目的地就被残杀了。

　　Horthy did his best, say his defenders¹⁹, not all of whom are found in Jobbik. Until the Nazis invaded, Hungary remained a comparatively safe haven²⁰ for its Jews. Horthy's repeated refusal of Hitler's demands to deport¹² all of the Jews was one reason why the Germans invaded. His envoys²¹ were in secret contact with the Allies and he wanted to change sides, which is why he was deposed²² in October 1944 by Hungarian Nazis and their German allies, triggering a new round of terror against Budapest's surviving Jews.

　　Horthy的支持者不仅仅只限于，他们一致辩道，Horthy在犹太问题上已经尽力了。纳粹入侵前，对犹太人而言，匈牙利相对还是安全的。而Horthy多次拒绝希特勒下令驱逐犹太人，正是德国后来侵犯匈牙利的一大原因。Horthy秘密派遣使节与同盟交流，企求改变对方的立场。这正是为什么Horthy自己在1944年10月遭到匈牙利纳粹与其德国盟友的双面排斥，再次引发布达佩斯幸存犹太人的恐慌。

　　Meanwhile, says Fidesz, the left and far right work together when it suits them. Socialist²³ leaders recently submitted a petition in parliament calling for an investigation²⁴ into government interventions²⁵ in the energy industry. The petition, now withdrawn²⁶, was also signed by 24 Jobbik MPs—including, as it happens, the wife of Mr Hegedus.

　　同时，Fidesz表示时机恰当，左右党派可以开展合作。前不久，社会党派领导人向议会上呈一项请愿书，要求调查政府对能源产业的干涉情况。该请愿书现已被驳回，但已有24位极右派议会成员的签名，甚至还包括Hegedus的夫人。译者：徐珍 校对：沈晓旭

　　1.exchange with 交流

　　例句:Support a structured exchange with business partner.

　　支持与业务伙伴的结构化交换。

　　2.set up 建立

　　例句:The two sides agreed to set up a commission to investigate claims.

　　双方同意组建一个委员会来调查那些索赔要求。

　　3.turn on 打开

　　例句:He could also turn on the style when the occasion demanded.

　　如果场合需要，他也能瞬间就表现得风度翩翩。

　　4.force to 强迫

　　例句:They used force to banish²⁷ the natives from the more fertile land.

　　他们使用武力把土著居民驱逐出了比较肥沃的土地。

1 contentious   

adj.好辩的，善争吵的

参考例句：

• She was really not of the contentious fighting sort.她委实不是好吵好闹的人。
• Since then they have tended to steer clear of contentious issues.从那时起，他们总想方设法避开有争议的问题。

2 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

3 revival   

n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振

参考例句：

• The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
• He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。

4 plaques   

（纪念性的）匾牌( plaque的名词复数 )； 纪念匾； 牙斑； 空斑

参考例句：

• Primary plaques were detectable in 16 to 20 hours. 在16到20小时内可查出原发溶斑。
• The gondoliers wore green and white livery and silver plaques on their chests. 船夫们穿着白绿两色的制服，胸前别着银质徽章。

5 consternation   

n.大为吃惊，惊骇

参考例句：

• He was filled with consternation to hear that his friend was so ill.他听说朋友病得那么厉害，感到非常震惊。
• Sam stared at him in consternation.萨姆惊恐不安地注视着他。

6 bishop   

n.主教，（国际象棋）象

参考例句：

• He was a bishop who was held in reverence by all.他是一位被大家都尊敬的主教。
• Two years after his death the bishop was canonised.主教逝世两年后被正式封为圣者。

7 inquiry   

n.打听，询问，调查，查问

参考例句：

• Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
• The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

8 condemn   

vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑

参考例句：

• Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他，而有些人谴责他。
• We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions.我们不可全凭臆测来指责他。

9 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

10 holocaust   

n.大破坏；大屠杀

参考例句：

• The Auschwitz concentration camp always remind the world of the holocaust.奥辛威茨集中营总是让世人想起大屠杀。
• Ahmadinejad is denying the holocaust because he's as brutal as Hitler was.内贾德否认大屠杀，因为他像希特勒一样残忍。

11 commemorate   

vt.纪念，庆祝

参考例句：

• This building was built to commemorate the Fire of London.这栋大楼是为纪念“伦敦大火”而兴建的。
• We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday.我们放假一日以庆祝国庆。

12 deport   

vt.驱逐出境

参考例句：

• We deport aliens who slip across our borders.我们把偷渡入境的外国人驱逐出境。
• More than 240 England football fans are being deported from Italy following riots last night.昨晚的骚乱发生后有240多名英格兰球迷被驱逐出意大利。

13 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

14 guilt   

n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责

参考例句：

• She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
• Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。

15 outlawing   

宣布…为不合法（outlaw的现在分词形式）

参考例句：

• Regulations are outlawing certain refrigerants, such as chlorofluorocarbons, which contain ozone-depleting chemicals. 随后出台的政策禁用了部分制冷剂，如破坏臭氧层的氟氯碳化合物。
• An amendment outlawing sale of intoxicating liquors(1920)was repealed in 1933. 规定售卖酒类为非法的一个宪法修正案（一九二○年）在一九三三年被废止。

16 intercourse   

n.性交；交流，交往，交际

参考例句：

• The magazine becomes a cultural medium of intercourse between the two peoples.该杂志成为两民族间文化交流的媒介。
• There was close intercourse between them.他们过往很密。

17 Nazis   

n.（德国的）纳粹党员( Nazi的名词复数 )；纳粹主义

参考例句：

• The Nazis worked them over with gun butts. 纳粹分子用枪托毒打他们。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The Nazis were responsible for the mass murder of Jews during World War Ⅱ. 纳粹必须为第二次世界大战中对犹太人的大屠杀负责。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 deported   

v.将…驱逐出境( deport的过去式和过去分词 )；举止

参考例句：

• They stripped me of my citizenship and deported me. 他们剥夺我的公民资格，将我驱逐出境。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The convicts were deported to a deserted island. 罪犯们被流放到一个荒岛。 来自《简明英汉词典》

19 defenders   

n.防御者( defender的名词复数 )；守卫者；保护者；辩护者

参考例句：

• The defenders were outnumbered and had to give in. 抵抗者寡不敌众，只能投降。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• After hard fighting,the defenders were still masters of the city. 守军经过奋战仍然控制着城市。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 haven   

n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所

参考例句：

• It's a real haven at the end of a busy working day.忙碌了一整天后，这真是一个安乐窝。
• The school library is a little haven of peace and quiet.学校的图书馆是一个和平且安静的小避风港。

21 envoys   

使节( envoy的名词复数 )； 公使； 谈判代表； 使节身份

参考例句：

• the routine tit for tat when countries expel each other's envoys 国家相互驱逐对方使节这种惯常的报复行动
• Marco Polo's travelogue mentions that Kublai Khan sent envoys to Malgache. 马可波罗游记中提到忽必烈曾派使节到马尔加什。

22 deposed   

v.罢免( depose的过去式和过去分词 )；（在法庭上）宣誓作证

参考例句：

• The president was deposed in a military coup. 总统在军事政变中被废黜。
• The head of state was deposed by the army. 国家元首被军队罢免了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

23 socialist   

n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的

参考例句：

• China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
• His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

24 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

25 interventions   

n.介入，干涉，干预( intervention的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Economic analysis of government interventions deserves detailed discussion. 政府对经济的干预应该给予充分的论述。 来自辞典例句
• The judge's frequent interventions made a mockery of justice. 法官的屡屡干预是对正义的践踏。 来自互联网

26 withdrawn   

vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出

参考例句：

• Our force has been withdrawn from the danger area.我们的军队已从危险地区撤出。
• All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries.一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。

27 banish   

vt.放逐，驱逐；消除，排除

参考例句：

• The doctor advised her to banish fear and anxiety.医生劝她消除恐惧和忧虑。
• He tried to banish gloom from his thought.他试图驱除心中的忧愁。