经济学人:苏格兰财政 人心惶惶

 　　Scottish finance

　　苏格兰财政

　　A case of the jitters¹

　　人心惶惶

　　As the Scottish referendum nears, capital takes fright

　　苏独公投逼进惊扰资金流动

　　BEFORE this week many investors² and money managers had dismissed the possibility that Scotland would vote to leave the United Kingdom on September 18th as too remote to worry about. But then came a poll by YouGov for the Times newspaper showing that support for independence had risen sharply. And so all the well-rehearsed uncertainty³ over an independent Scotland's economic and financial arrangements is beginning to feel rather less theoretical, and more urgent.

　　在本周之前，许多投资人以及基金经理都排除了在9月18号的独立公投上苏格兰会脱离英国独立的可能性，因为他们认为离这事儿还早无需担心。然而由尤格夫（YouGov）组织并刊登在泰晤士报上的民意调查显示支持（苏格兰）独立的人数有显著的上升。此外，所有针对独立后的苏格兰的经济与财政安排的讨论都开始变得越来越具体化，并且愈发的紧迫了。

　　Most jittery⁴ are banks, pension funds and other businesses with significant cross-border interests. Polls from the Scottish Chambers⁵ of Commerce have shown in the past that 10% of firms have considered moving away from Scotland if the country votes to go it alone, that a further 8% have definite plans to move and that 5% would expand their English operations or set up an English company. More such businesses have spoken openly as the referendum nears. Standard Life, an insurer, has said it has drawn⁶ up contingency⁷ plans to move south in the event of a “Yes” vote. It has been widely reported that Lloyds Banking⁸ Group, which owns Bank of Scotland, would shift its headquarters from Edinburgh to London as well.

　　银行、养老基金以及其他与跨境利息息息相关的行业因此深感不安。之前苏格兰商会的民意调查显示，如果公投决定独立，有10%的公司将会考虑搬离苏格兰；8%的公司将会有搬离苏格兰的明确计划；另外还有5%的公司表示将会扩张他们的英国分公司或者在英国另设新公司。随着公投的脚步临近，更多公司公开发表此类言论。保险公司标准人寿也曾表示已经起草好了迁往南方的应急方案以备公投赞成独立的结果出现。曾有铺天盖地的报道称，苏格兰银行的母公司英国劳埃德银行表示同样也会将其总部从爱丁堡迁至伦敦。

　　Douglas Baillie, a pensions expert, says that clients from south of the border are ringing up, worrying about the future of their pension and life-assurance policies held in the likes of Standard Life, Scottish Widows (owned by Lloyds) and Aegon (formerly Scottish Equitable). All are Edinburgh-based and among the largest pension funds in Britain. English investors want to know whether they would still be paid in pounds, says Mr Baillie. They also worry that they would no longer have any sway through the ballot⁹ box over the tax regime governing their pensions. If Scotland votes to leave, warns Mr Baillie, the flow of pension money into the Scottish-based insurance companies from outside Scotland may well dry up. And there would be transfers out, to English-based companies. “They will run for cover, to a safe haven,” he says.

　　养老金专家道格拉斯·贝利称，从边界南部来电咨询的客户络绎不绝，他们十分担忧自己养老金的未来以及人寿保险政策的变化，因为这些都掌握在诸如标准人寿、苏格兰寡妇（属于劳埃德集团）以及全球人寿保险公司（其前身为苏格兰公平公司）之类的金融机构手中。这些机构的总部基本都设在爱丁堡，并且养老基金规模数全国前列。贝利称，英国的投资者们想要知道这些机构是否还能以英镑的形式进行支付。他们还担心自己再也不能通过投票箱影响决定着他们养老金多少的税收制度。贝利还警告道，如果苏格兰投票脱离英国，总部位于苏格兰的保险公司将会失去从苏格兰外部涌入的养老金资金流。并且还会有资金从这些公司流出，并流入总部设在英国的公司。“他们只能四处奔走寻求帮助，去寻找一个安全的港湾，”贝利说道。

　　This fear of capital flight is most worrying. The share price of Lloyds slid slightly after YouGov's poll was released. The pound has fallen slightly, too, although this cannot be attributed entirely¹⁰ to worries over the referendum. One senior banker, Bill O'Neill of UBS Wealth Management, says that the markets have moved from pricing Scottish independence at a “one in six chance to about one in four”, and that some money has already been moved out of Scottish bank accounts and assets, mainly by clients with self-invested pensions worried about company stocks exposed to Scotland. But for the time being this is merely “precautionary”, he says. Another wealth manager, Bryan Johnston of Brewin Dophin, says his clients are also seeking advice on precautionary measures in case of a “Yes” vote. Investors are taking out derivatives¹¹ to hedge against volatility¹² in the pound and equities¹³.

　　资金外流问题是最令人担忧的了。尤格夫（YouGov）的民意调查公布之后，劳埃德的股价有了轻微的下滑。英镑的汇率也有所下跌，尽管这不能完全归咎于民众对公投结果的担忧。一位高级银行家，来自瑞银财富管理的比尔·奥尼尔（Bill O'Neill）称，市场对苏格兰独立可能性的猜测已经从“六分之一上涨至四分之一”，同时还有许多资金以及资产早已从苏格兰的银行账户中转走，这些资产的持有人大多是自有投资个人养老金的人，他们十分担心公司股票将会完全受控于苏格兰。不过目前这样的行为也仅仅只是“预防措施”而言，他说道。另一位财富经理，来自Brewin Dophin的布莱恩·约翰斯顿（Bill O'Neill）称，他的客户同样也在咨询苏格兰独立后的预防措施。投资者纷纷拿出金融衍生工具来规避英镑和资产波动带来的风险。

　　If the prospect¹⁴ of a departure worries bankers and investors, of course, an actual one would cause enormous upheaval¹⁵. Nationalists have set a date of March 2016 to separate from the United Kingdom. That is probably too ambitious. However long the negotiations¹⁶ take, they will be tortuous¹⁷ and ill-tempered. Almost everything, from currency to nuclear weapons, would be on the table, making for a fluid, uncertain picture. Expect the jitters to continue.

　　如果说光是对独立前景的预期就愁坏了银行家和投资者，那么等独立真正到来的一天定是会造成巨大的社会动荡。民族主义者们将2016年的3月设定为苏格兰脱离英国的独立日，这个日期可能太雄心勃勃了点。但是不管协商的过程会持续多久，其道路都会是崎岖的，也许辩论中途还会出现恶语相向。从货币到核武器，几乎所有的事情都将会摆上桌面谈，为了达成一个既不固定也不确定的共识而努力。唯一确定的是，动荡还会继续。

　　1.worry about 担忧，烦恼

　　例句:Those comments suggest an oil-addicted global economy has little to worry about from this week's price spike¹⁸.

　　这些言论表明，严重依赖于石油的全球经济不必因为上周的油价飙升而过分担忧。

　　2.begin to 开始

　　例句:They often find they begin to chat to relieve the boredom¹⁹ of the flight.

　　他们发现自己常常是为了打发飞行途中的无聊才开始聊天。

　　3.plan to 计划

　　例句:The military operation was the first step in a plan to crush the uprising.

　　军事行动是镇压暴动计划的第一步。

　　4.set up 建立

　　例句:I set up a ginger²⁰ group on the environment.

　　我建立了一个积极从事环保的组织。

1 jitters   

n.pl.紧张(通常前面要有the)

参考例句：

• I always get the jitters before exams. 我考试前总是很紧张。
• The whole city had the jitters from the bombing. 全城居民都为轰炸而心神不宁。

2 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

3 uncertainty   

n.易变，靠不住，不确知，不确定的事物

参考例句：

• Her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
• After six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后，压力开始产生影响了。

4 jittery   

adj. 神经过敏的, 战战兢兢的

参考例句：

• However, nothing happened though he continued to feel jittery. 可是，自从拉上这辆车，并没有出什么错儿，虽然他心中嘀嘀咕咕的不安。 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子
• The thirty-six Enterprise divebombers were being squandered in a jittery shot from the hip. 这三十六架“企业号”上的俯冲轰炸机正被孤注一掷。

5 chambers   

n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅

参考例句：

• The body will be removed into one of the cold storage chambers. 尸体将被移到一个冷冻间里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Mr Chambers's readable book concentrates on the middle passage: the time Ransome spent in Russia. Chambers先生的这本值得一看的书重点在中间：Ransome在俄国的那几年。 来自互联网

6 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

7 contingency   

n.意外事件，可能性

参考例句：

• We should be prepared for any contingency.我们应该对任何应急情况有所准备。
• A fire in our warehouse was a contingency that we had not expected.库房的一场大火是我们始料未及的。

8 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

9 ballot   

n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票

参考例句：

• The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
• The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。

10 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

11 derivatives   

n.衍生性金融商品；派生物，引出物( derivative的名词复数 )；导数

参考例句：

• Many English words are derivatives of Latin words. 许多英语词来自拉丁语。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• These compounds are nitrosohydroxylamine derivatives. 这类合成物是亚硝基羟胺衍生物。 来自辞典例句

12 volatility   

n.挥发性，挥发度，轻快，（性格）反复无常

参考例句：

• That was one reason why volatility was so low last year.这也是去年波动性如此低的原因之一。
• Yet because volatility remained low for so long,disaster myopia prevailed.然而，由于相当长的时间里波动性小，灾难短视就获胜了。

13 equities   

普通股，股票

参考例句：

• These are invested mainly in the OECD bonds and equities. 这些资产主要投资于经济合作及发展组织的债券与股票市场。
• They are also advantage of the global rebound in equities. 它们还在利用全球股市反弹的机会。

14 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

15 upheaval   

n.胀起，(地壳)的隆起；剧变，动乱

参考例句：

• It was faced with the greatest social upheaval since World War Ⅱ.它面临第二次世界大战以来最大的社会动乱。
• The country has been thrown into an upheaval.这个国家已经陷入动乱之中。

16 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

17 tortuous   

adj.弯弯曲曲的，蜿蜒的

参考例句：

• We have travelled a tortuous road.我们走过了曲折的道路。
• They walked through the tortuous streets of the old city.他们步行穿过老城区中心弯弯曲曲的街道。

18 spike   

n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效

参考例句：

• The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
• They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。

19 boredom   

n.厌烦，厌倦，乏味，无聊

参考例句：

• Unemployment can drive you mad with boredom.失业会让你无聊得发疯。
• A walkman can relieve the boredom of running.跑步时带着随身听就不那么乏味了。

20 ginger   

n.姜，精力，淡赤黄色；adj.淡赤黄色的；vt.使活泼，使有生气

参考例句：

• There is no ginger in the young man.这个年轻人没有精神。
• Ginger shall be hot in the mouth.生姜吃到嘴里总是辣的。