经济学人120:巴尔干历史 书写过去

 　　Books and arts

　　文艺

　　Balkan history

　　巴尔干历史

　　Writing the past

　　书写过去

　　Teaching children about history, nationalism, and right and wrong

　　教育孩子：历史，民族主义和孰是孰非

　　IN 1995 some 200,000 Serbs were ethnically¹ cleansed² from Croatia.

　　在1995年克罗地亚的种族大清洗中，大约200，000塞尔维亚人遇害。

　　Oh, no, actually, they fled.

　　哦，不不不，事实上，他们逃之夭夭了。

　　巴尔干历史.jpg

　　During the second world war Serbian royalist “Chetniks” were heroes—or were they villains³?

　　二战中塞尔维亚的“游击战士”是忠诚的民族英雄还是无恶不作的坏蛋？

　　Balkan history is complicated, but there is widespread agreement on one thing.

　　巴尔干半岛的历史错综复杂，然而人人皆知的是。

　　Every nation knows what is right and how everyone else is wrong.

　　自己的民族知道正途；他人皆是邪路。

　　As one Serbian historian puts it: “There is one truth, just as there is one God.”

　　正如一位塞尔维亚历史学家说的那样：“只有一个上帝，也只有一个真相。”

　　When Yugoslavia fell apart in the 1990s the question of who did what in 1389 or 1944 played a vital part in the propaganda used to whip up hatred⁴.

　　二十世纪九十年代，南斯拉夫解体。自那时起，1389年至1944年间到底发生了什么，成了宣传者煽动仇恨的重要主题。

　　Balkan children are still being taught wildly varying versions of history with no idea that others view the same events differently.

　　课堂里教授着不同版本的历史；巴尔干地区的孩子们日日学习，却是一叶障目；完全不知其他观点的存在。

　　Since 1999, however, a group of historians from across the region has been working to help teachers gain a broader perspective.

　　然而，从1999年起，该地区的一群历史学家们开始着手一个项目，为老师们提供更宽广的历史视野。

　　So far, they have brought out four books of source materials covering the period up to 1945.

　　迄今他们已利于收集到的原始资料出版了四本书，覆盖了该地区从1389年至1945年的历史。

　　Last month at a meeting in Belgrade of the Centre for Democracy and Reconciliation⁵ in Southeast Europe, which runs the project from Thessaloniki, the historians planned the next stage: the cold war and events since 1989. The challenge is huge.

　　该项目在希腊第二大城市萨洛尼卡开展。上月它在欧洲西南部贝尔格莱德的民主与和解中心召集了一场会议；与会的历史学家计划该项目的下一步骤：冷战及1989年以来的历史。

　　Still, by 2014 an estimated 500,000 students may have benefited.

　　毫无疑问，这是一项艰巨的挑战。然而，到2014年项目完成时，将有约500，000名学生从中受益。

　　None of this can come too soon.

　　然而凡事不可操之过急。

　　In Bosnia there are war memorials standing⁶ only a few hundred metres from each other, dedicated⁷ to young men who almost certainly went to school together shortly before they began killing⁸ one another in the 1990s.

　　在波斯尼亚，有两座仅相隔百余米的纪念碑，分别纪念20世纪90年代的两族年轻人，他们原是校友，却对彼此挥戈相向。

　　Bosniak children today are taught that their forces succeeded in defending Sarajevo during the siege of 1992-95.

　　波斯尼亚的孩子的历史版本是：他们的民族在1992年到1995年的围城期间成功保卫萨拉热窝。

　　But the Serbs, who besieged⁹ it, maintain that they successfully defended themselves against being overrun by the city's Muslim hordes¹⁰.

　　而围困他们的塞尔维亚人则一口咬定：他们才是成功自卫赶走穆斯林侵占者的勇士。

　　Kosovo's history books are full of Albanian heroes and play down inconvenient¹¹ truths.

　　科索沃的历史教授书里充斥着阿尔巴尼亚英雄，对事实真相却辟而不谈。

　　Serbian and Croatian books seem to have evolved out of this first phase of nationalist euphoria, but still do not offer a balanced version of events. Change takes time.

　　塞尔维亚和克罗地亚的历史教科书虽然摆脱了民族主义狂热，却并未公允地陈述史实。变化需要时间。

　　Nenad Sebek, the project's director, tells funders that if they want results next year they should take their money elsewhere.

　　这一项目的负责人尼内德赛伯克告诉投资者们：如果他们指望明年即获回报，最好去别处投钱。

　　“We are hoping for results in 10 to 20 years.”

　　“我们希望十年或二十年后，事情会有起色。”

　　1.whip up 激发，激励；匆匆做

　　Whip up a passion for puzzles with this sweet treat!

　　对于这样甜美盛宴的谜题，我们肯定会掀起一股热情。

　　But even so we cannot whip up national sentiments.

　　但即便如此，我们也不能因此煽动民族情绪。

　　2.a group of 一群,一组

　　Nearby, a group of colleagues stand watching him.

　　不远处，站着一群同事看着他。

　　A group of women in traditional costume followed us in.

　　一群身着传统服装的妇女在我们之后进入。

　　3.bring out 出版；取出

　　First, plants can be cross-bred to bring out desired characteristics using techniques discovered nearly 150 years ago.

　　首先，利用近150年前发现的方法，农作物可以通过杂交创造出人们所希望的品种。

　　Adobe¹² camera raw used to tweak the raw-format image, adjusting the contrast to bring out the color.

　　用adobe camera raw来微调raw格式的图像，调整对比度以衬托出颜色。

　　4.dedicate to 奉献

　　But how long do you dedicate to taking it off?

　　但是你为卸妆奉献了多少时间呢？

　　Dedicate to my great parents and my whole family.

　　献给我伟大的父亲和母亲。

1 ethnically   

adv.人种上，民族上

参考例句：

• Ethnically, the Yuan Empire comprised most of modern China's ethnic groups. 元朝的民族成分包括现今中国绝大多数民族。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• Russia is ethnically relatively homogeneous. 俄罗斯是个民族成分相对单一的国家。 来自辞典例句

2 cleansed   

弄干净，清洗( cleanse的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The nurse cleansed the wound before stitching it. 护士先把伤口弄干净后才把它缝合。
• The notorious Hell Row was burned down in a fire, and much dirt was cleansed away. 臭名远场的阎王路已在一场大火中化为乌有，许多焦土灰烬被清除一空。

3 villains   

n.恶棍( villain的名词复数 )；罪犯；（小说、戏剧等中的）反面人物；淘气鬼

参考例句：

• The impression of villains was inescapable. 留下恶棍的印象是不可避免的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Some villains robbed the widow of the savings. 有几个歹徒将寡妇的积蓄劫走了。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

4 hatred   

n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨

参考例句：

• He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
• The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。

5 reconciliation   

n.和解，和谐，一致

参考例句：

• He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
• Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。

6 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

7 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。

8 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

9 besieged   

包围，围困，围攻( besiege的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Paris was besieged for four months and forced to surrender. 巴黎被围困了四个月后被迫投降。
• The community besieged the newspaper with letters about its recent editorial. 公众纷纷来信对报社新近发表的社论提出诘问，弄得报社应接不暇。

10 hordes   

n.移动着的一大群( horde的名词复数 )；部落

参考例句：

• There are always hordes of tourists here in the summer. 夏天这里总有成群结队的游客。
• Hordes of journalists jostled for position outside the conference hall. 大群记者在会堂外争抢位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 inconvenient   

adj.不方便的，令人感到麻烦的

参考例句：

• You have come at a very inconvenient time.你来得最不适时。
• Will it be inconvenient for him to attend that meeting?他参加那次会议会不方便吗？

12 adobe   

n.泥砖，土坯，美国Adobe公司

参考例句：

• They live in an adobe house.他们住在一间土坯屋里。
• Adobe bricks must drived dried completely before are used.土坯砖块使用前一定要完全干燥。