经济学人176:停火条件

 　　Conditions for a ceasefire

　　停火条件

　　Why Hamas fires those rockets

　　为什么哈马斯要发射那些火箭

　　Hamas wants two big concessions¹. It may not get them

　　哈马斯需要两大让步，但不太可能实现

　　MANY Gazans, not just their leaders in Hamas, think they have little to lose by fighting on. For one thing, the spotlight² has been switched back onto them since the Israeli campaign began earlier this month. In Gazan eyes, Hamas gains from the violence because the outside world may, as a result of the grim publicity³ generated by the bloodshed, feel obliged to consider its grievances⁵ afresh. This week Hamas issued a ten-point plan. A ceasefire, it suggested, could be followed by a ten-year truce⁶. Among its key demands were a lifting of the siege of Gaza and the release of prisoners. Gaza's seaport⁷ and airport would be reopened and monitored by the UN.

　　许多加沙的居民，不仅仅只是他们在哈马斯的领袖们，都认为再继续打下去，他们也没什么可再失去的。一方面，自本月初以色列运动开始以来，焦点就已经转移到他们身上。在加沙居民眼中，哈马斯是以暴牟利，因为流血推动的宣传让世界可能感觉到有必要考虑刷新一下他们的困境。本周，哈马斯发表了份十个要义的计划。建议10年的停火。其中最主要的需求就是放弃对加沙的包围，并释放囚犯。加沙的海港、机场需重新开放，并接受联合国的监控。

　　停火条件.jpg

　　After the last big Israeli effort to stop the rockets, in November 2012, it was agreed that, along with a ceasefire, the blockade of Gaza would gradually be lifted and the crossings into Egypt and Israel would be opened. The ceasefire generally held, but the siege continued. As Gazans see it, they have remained cruelly shut up in an open-air prison. Firing rockets, many of them argue, is the only way they can protest, even though they know the Israelis are bound, from time to time, to punish them.

　　在2011年11月，以色列最后试图组织火箭发射之后，双方同意停火，并将逐渐解除对加沙的封锁，埃及-以色列之间的道路也会开通。然而说好的停火被搁置，围攻也还在继续。对加沙人民而言，他们仍被封锁在一个露天的监狱中。许多人认为，发射火箭是他们唯一反抗的方式，即便他们知道以色列人有时决心不让他们好过。

　　More recently, say Gazans, the Israelis under Binyamin Netanyahu showed they were determined⁸ to destroy a peace-minded Palestinian unity⁹ government endorsed¹⁰ by Hamas and the more moderate Fatah party under Mahmoud Abbas, after the failure of American-brokered talks between Mr Abbas and Mr Netanyahu. The Israeli prime minister made it clear he would never talk to a Palestinian government backed by Hamas, even though America cautiously welcomed it. So he has done everything, say the Palestinians, to thwart¹¹ it.

　　加沙人说，在内坦尼亚胡的领导下，以色列人表现得很坚决，在美国推动的阿巴斯和内坦尼亚胡和谈失败后，以色列人决心要毁掉哈马斯所支持的一个和平的巴勒斯坦政权以及在阿巴斯领导下的法塔赫党。以色列总理很清楚的表示，他绝不会与哈马斯支持的巴勒斯坦政府交谈，尽管美方很乐意见到这点。巴勒斯坦人说他已经准备好一切。

　　Among other things, Mr Netanyahu's government has prevented Mr Abbas from reasserting his authority, as part of the unity deal, over Gaza—and from paying off Hamas civil servants there. Indeed, Mr Abbas at first looked even more feeble than usual during Operation Protective Edge: he could not, as a leader committed to peace, cheer on the Hamas rockets. Yet his pleas for restraint on both sides have so far had little effect.

　　至于其他，作为联合协定的一部分，内坦尼亚胡政府阻止阿巴斯重新夺取在加沙的政权，同时阻止阿巴斯支付哈马斯公务员薪水。的确，阿巴斯一开始看上去比平时在“护刃行动”中更为软弱：作为一个致力和平的领导者，他不能因哈马斯而喝彩，但是他要限制双方的请求至今也没什么成效。

　　The Gazan grievance⁴ over prisoners stirs great passion among Palestinians everywhere. After three Israeli students were kidnapped on the West Bank on June 12th and later found murdered, the Israeli security forces rounded up more than 500 Hamas people, even though the movement did not claim responsibility for the crime. The increase in rocket fire was partly intended as a protest against the round-up of prisoners. Any ceasefire, says Hamas, must include the release at least of those detained in the past month.

　　加沙人目前如犯人们的困境激怒了所有巴勒斯坦人。6月12日，三名以色列学生在线西岸被绑架，之后发现被杀害，此后，以色列安保队抓了500多名哈马斯人，尽管该行为没有说是对之前的犯罪负责。之所以发射更多的火箭炮，一部分是想以此作为一种手段对非法“聚集”犯人表示抗议。哈马斯方表示，任何停火条件都要包括至少释放过上个月所拘留的人。

1 concessions   

n.（尤指由政府或雇主给予的）特许权( concession的名词复数 )；承认；减价；（在某地的）特许经营权

参考例句：

• The firm will be forced to make concessions if it wants to avoid a strike. 要想避免罢工，公司将不得不作出一些让步。
• The concessions did little to placate the students. 让步根本未能平息学生的愤怒。

2 spotlight   

n.公众注意的中心，聚光灯，探照灯，视听，注意，醒目

参考例句：

• This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
• The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。

3 publicity   

n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告

参考例句：

• The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
• He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事，只当它是一种宣传手法。

4 grievance   

n.怨愤，气恼，委屈

参考例句：

• He will not easily forget his grievance.他不会轻易忘掉他的委屈。
• He had been nursing a grievance against his boss for months.几个月来他对老板一直心怀不满。

5 grievances   

n.委屈( grievance的名词复数 )；苦衷；不满；牢骚

参考例句：

• The trade union leader spoke about the grievances of the workers. 工会领袖述说工人们的苦情。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• He gave air to his grievances. 他申诉了他的冤情。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 truce   

n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束

参考例句：

• The hot weather gave the old man a truce from rheumatism.热天使这位老人暂时免受风湿病之苦。
• She had thought of flying out to breathe the fresh air in an interval of truce.她想跑出去呼吸一下休战期间的新鲜空气。

7 seaport   

n.海港，港口，港市

参考例句：

• Ostend is the most important seaport in Belgium.奥斯坦德是比利时最重要的海港。
• A seaport where ships can take on supplies of coal.轮船能够补充煤炭的海港。

8 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

9 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

10 endorsed   

vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

参考例句：

• The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. 委员会通过了主席提出的新方案，开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. 政府基本上支持建议对14 岁少年实行新教育目标的研究报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 thwart   

v.阻挠，妨碍，反对；adj.横(断的)

参考例句：

• We must thwart his malevolent schemes.我们决不能让他的恶毒阴谋得逞。
• I don't think that will thwart our purposes.我认为那不会使我们的目的受到挫折。