经济学人:本周政治要闻21

 　　The world this week-Politics 本周政治要闻

　　The shooting down of a Malaysia Airlines jet, apparently¹ by pro-Russian rebels fighting Ukrainian troops in eastern Ukraine, changed the parameters² of the five-month conflict.  马航飞机被击落显然是由驻扎在乌克兰东部的乌克兰亲俄叛军造成的，该事件的发生改变了这起为期五个月的冲突双方局势。

　　The airliner³ was en route fromAmsterdam toKuala Lumpur; 298 people died when it crashed on July 17th.  该航班由阿姆斯特丹飞至吉隆坡， 于6月17日坠毁，造成298人死亡。

　　Most of the bodies were eventually put onto a refrigerated train and transported to the government-controlled city ofKharkiv,  大部分遗体将由装有冷冻箱的火车运至有政府控制的哈尔科夫，

　　where a multinational⁴ forensics team examined them before being flown back to theNetherlands. 并在跨国法医检验小组检验后运回荷兰。

　　Most of the anger over the incident was vented⁵ at Russia, suspected of providing the missile that shot down the aircraft.  射击该航班的导弹疑是由俄罗斯提供，因此俄罗斯承受了此事件的大多数怒火。

　　The European Union's efforts to impose tougher sanctions were hampered⁶ by France insisting  欧盟对俄罗斯实施更为严厉制裁的努力受到法国的阻挠，

　　that its delivery of a French-made warship⁷ to Russia would go ahead in spite of British and American calls to stop it. 因法国不顾英国和美国的劝阻执意向俄罗斯运送法国生产的军舰。

　　More than 60 high-ranking police officers were arrested in Turkey in connection with corruption⁸ investigations¹⁰ against the government.  土耳其60多名高级警官反对政府的腐败调查而被捕。

　　They stand accused of espionage¹¹ and illegal phone-tapping. 他们被指控犯有间谍和非法窃听电话罪。

　　Silvio Berlusconi's conviction for paying for sex with a 17-year-old girl was overturned by an appeals court inMilan.  西尔维奥·贝卢斯科尼关于对17岁女孩的嫖娼罪的指控被米兰的一家上诉法院翻案。

　　His lifetime ban from holding public office was also revoked¹².  对他终生禁止从事公职的处罚也已取消。

　　The former Italian prime minister wasn't in court to hear the judgment¹³.  这位前意大利总理并未列席听取判决，

　　He was working at a care home as part of the community-service sentence given to him in a separate conviction for tax fraud. 而是因其另一项税务欺诈的罪名而不得不在一家老人院进行社区服务。

　　A committee in the British Parliament issued a report into the plan by Scotland's Nationalists to share the pound if Scots vote for independence in September,  英国议会委员会发布了由苏格兰民族主义者制定的若苏格兰在9月份的投票独立中胜出，将共享英镑使用权的计划报告，

　　and concluded that this was a dead parrot.  并称这是垂死的挣扎。

　　The three main political parties have rejected the idea of a currency union with Scotland, which the report stressed should not be seen as a bluff¹⁴. 三大主要政党已明确驳回了苏格兰成立货币联盟的想法，而报告中强调这一提案是不可缺少的。

　　Squeezing blood from a stone 铁公鸡身上拔毛

　　A judge in New Yorkrejected a request by Argentina for a stay on a decision requiring the country  纽约法官驳回了阿根廷的上诉请求维持原判：

　　to pay a small group of creditors¹⁵ who have been chasing it following its 2001 debt default.  要求阿根廷偿付小部分债权人追索的2001年拖欠的债务。

　　If the country does not reach a deal with the creditors, it will be pushed into default again, for the eighth time in its history. 若阿根廷未向债权人还款，美国将于史上第八次强制其进行还款。

　　The trial of Leopoldo Lopez, a Venezuelan opposition¹⁶ leader, began in Caracas behind closed doors.  委内瑞拉在野党领导人莱奥波尔多·洛佩兹在加拉加斯进行非公开审判。

　　Mr Lopez, who is accused of inciting¹⁷ violence during protests that began earlier this year but have since sputtered¹⁸, has been in custody¹⁹ since February. 他被指控煽动今年年初抗议活动中的暴力袭击，并于今年2月份被拘留。

　　Mexico's ground breaking energy reform came closer to the finishing-line.  墨西哥创造性的能源改革接近完工。

　　The Senate approved bills to, among other things, open the hydrocarbons²⁰ industry to foreign investment.  另外，参议院还通过了法案允许外国投资碳氢化合物产业。

　　The lower house is expected to add its approval shortly. 下议院也将即刻增加该法案。

　　Depressingly familiar 郁闷的熟悉感

　　The Israeli campaign in Gaza to clobber²¹ the Palestinians' Islamist movement, Hamas, which began with attacks from the air and by artillery²² on July 8th,  以色列于加沙地区打击巴勒斯坦回教教徒的哈马斯运动在7月8日的空中炮击中拉开帷幕，

　　intensified²³ on July 17th when Israeli troops entered by land.  并在以色列军队7月17日登陆巴勒斯坦后进一步加剧。

　　By July 24th the death toll²⁴ of Palestinians, most of them civilians²⁵, had exceeded 700; 35 Israelis had died. 截至7月24日，巴勒斯坦超过700人死亡，其中大部分为巴勒斯坦平民；以色列35人死亡。

　　A rocket fired by Palestinians in Gaza landed a kilometre from Israel's main airport,on the edge of Tel Aviv,  巴勒斯坦在加沙向以色列发射火箭，降落于距以色列主要机场一公里以外特拉维夫市边缘，

　　prompting many airlines temporarily to suspend their flights toIsrael.  并造成许多航班被迫暂停于以色列。

　　The American secretary of state, John Kerry, shuttled around the region, trying to arrange a ceasefire. 美国国家秘书长约翰·克里飞往该地以期达成停战协议。

　　The jihadist group that spearheaded last month's conquest of Iraq's second city, Mosul, expelled all Christians²⁶ who refused to convert to Islam.  上月，伊斯兰圣战主义组织带头攻占了伊拉克第二大城市摩苏尔，他们驱逐了不愿皈依伊斯兰教的基督徒。

　　Most of them fled to neighbouring Iraqi Kurdistan.  大多数基督徒逃到了临城伊拉克的库尔德斯坦。

　　A decade ago there were reckoned to be around 60,000 Christians in the city. 10年前，据说摩苏尔大约有6万基督徒。

　　Legal-limbo land 地狱？天堂？

　　Obamacare was thrown into confusion when two federal appeals courts issued contradictory²⁷ rulings about  由于两个联邦上诉法院对通过联邦保险办事处参与奥巴马医保的人

　　whether people who signed up for health insurance through the federal exchange can claim subsidies²⁸.  能否要求补助的判决截然不同，奥巴马医保陷入困境。

　　The government created the federal exchange, where most people have bought their Obamacare insurance, after dozens of states refused to set up their own. 在很多州拒绝设立自己的保险办事处后，政府设立了联邦保险办事处，大多数人都是在这里参保。

　　The Republican Senate primary in Georgia was won by David Perdue, a businessman, who beat Jack²⁹ Kingston, a congressman³⁰.  商人大卫·柏杜打败了杰克·金士顿议员成功当选佐治亚州共和党参议员候选人。

　　Mr Perdue will face Michelle Nunn, the daughter of a former Democratic senator, in November in what promises to be a closely contested seat. 11月，预计柏杜将面对上届民主党参议员女儿米歇尔·娜恩卫校争夺竞争激烈的参议员席位。

　　A majority of Detroit's retired³¹ public-sector workers voted to accept a package of reduced pension benefits,  大部分底特律退休的国企工人投票接受微薄的补贴。

　　a crucial part of the bankrupt city's plan to restructure its finances.  这是重建破产城市金融体系计划的重要部分。

　　Obstacles still remain.  然而困难依然存在。

　　A judge will begin a hearing next month into whether the plan is fair to creditors. 下月裁判员会对这项措施是否对债权人公平进行听证。

　　More concerns were raised about the process of executing murderers in Americaafter another man took a long time to die.  美国又一名谋杀犯男子处死过程过长引发了更多关注。

　　Joseph Wood was put to death in Arizona.  约瑟夫·伍德在亚利桑那州被处死。

　　A few days earlier a court had ruled that he had a right to know the source of the drugs that were to be used to kill him,  之前法院判决其有权知道处死所用药物的来源，

　　reflecting concerns about a botched execution in Oklahoma,  反映出人们担忧俄克拉荷马州搞砸了处决。

　　but the federal Supreme³² Court overturned the delay.  但是联邦最高法院推翻了延期处决。

　　In California a judge struck down the capital sentences of 748 prisoners because of the long delay taken between conviction and execution. 在加利福尼亚州，一名法官因为长时间的行刑拖延推翻了748名罪犯的死刑判决。

　　Disputed tally³³ 具有争议性的投票结果

　　Joko Widodo, the governor of Jakarta, was declared the winner of Indonesia's presidential election, with 53% of the vote.  印度尼西亚总统选举宣布雅加达省长佐科·维多多以53%支持率获胜。

　　The losing candidate, Prabowo Subianto, a former general, alleged³⁴ massive fraud, though he produced no evidence, and said he would challenge the result in court. 失势方为上届司令普拉博沃，他控诉选举有大规模欺诈行为。虽然没有给出证据，他说他会在法庭上质疑这一结果。

　　The authorities in China detained five people as part of an investigation⁹ into a company that allegedly supplied out-of-date meat to fast-food chains.  据说某公司向快餐连锁店供应过期肉制品，中国政府进行调查时拘留了5人。

　　Regulators suspended operations at Shanghai Husi Food following media reports that it reprocessed expired meat and sold it to companies that included McDonald's and KFC. 随着媒体曝光了过期肉品的再加工并把其销售到麦当劳和KFC等企业的过程，监管者责令上海福喜食品公司停业。

　　Police in South Korea confirmed that the body of a man found last month is that of Yoo Byung-eun,  韩国警方确定上月找到尸体是俞炳彦。

　　a tycoon³⁵ who was wanted in connection with the sinking of a ferry in April that killed 300 people.  俞炳彦是个富商，因为与4月份导致300人丧生的沉船事件关联受到了通缉。

　　Mr Yoo's family owned the ferry's operating company. 俞先生的家人现在拥有着船运公司。

　　Amnesty said that Alexander Sodiqov, a Canadian-based research student, had been released on bail³⁶ in Tajikistan.  大赦国际说加拿大就读做研究的亚历山大·苏堤科维奇已经在塔吉克斯坦被保释。

　　He had been detained last month by the secret police for interviewing an opposition leader, a treasonous offence in the paranoid regime of Emomali Rakhmon. 上月，他因采访具有叛国行为反对者领导人被秘密警察拘留。该反对者反对埃莫马利·拉赫蒙的偏执统治。

1 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

2 parameters   

因素，特征； 界限； （限定性的）因素( parameter的名词复数 )； 参量； 参项； 决定因素

参考例句：

• We have to work within the parameters of time. 我们的工作受时间所限。
• See parameters.cpp for a compilable example. This is part of the Spirit distribution. 可编译例子见parameters.cpp.这是Spirit分发包的组成部分。

3 airliner   

n.客机，班机

参考例句：

• The pilot landed the airliner safely.驾驶员使客机安全着陆。
• The passengers were shepherded across the tarmac to the airliner.旅客们被引导走过跑道去上飞机。

4 multinational   

adj.多国的，多种国籍的；n.多国籍公司，跨国公司

参考例句：

• The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.这家公司被一个跨国咨询公司收购。
• He analyzed the relationship between multinational corporations and under-developed countries.他分析了跨国公司和不发达国家之间的关系。

5 vented   

表达，发泄（感情，尤指愤怒）( vent的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• He vented his frustration on his wife. 他受到挫折却把气发泄到妻子身上。
• He vented his anger on his secretary. 他朝秘书发泄怒气。

6 hampered   

妨碍，束缚，限制( hamper的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The search was hampered by appalling weather conditions. 恶劣的天气妨碍了搜寻工作。
• So thought every harassed, hampered, respectable boy in St. Petersburg. 圣彼德堡镇的那些受折磨、受拘束的体面孩子们个个都是这么想的。

7 warship   

n.军舰，战舰

参考例句：

• He is serving on a warship in the Pacific.他在太平洋海域的一艘军舰上服役。
• The warship was making towards the pier.军舰正驶向码头。

8 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

9 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

10 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

11 espionage   

n.间谍行为，谍报活动

参考例句：

• The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.官方已经逮捕了几个涉嫌从事间谍活动的人。
• Neither was there any hint of espionage in Hanley's early life.汉利的早期生活也毫无进行间谍活动的迹象。

12 revoked   

adj.[法]取消的v.撤销，取消，废除( revoke的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• It may be revoked if the check is later dishonoured. 以后如支票被拒绝支付，结算可以撤销。 来自辞典例句
• A will is revoked expressly. 遗嘱可以通过明示推翻。 来自辞典例句

13 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

14 bluff   

v.虚张声势，用假象骗人；n.虚张声势，欺骗

参考例句：

• His threats are merely bluff.他的威胁仅仅是虚张声势。
• John is a deep card.No one can bluff him easily.约翰是个机灵鬼。谁也不容易欺骗他。

15 creditors   

n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They agreed to repay their creditors over a period of three years. 他们同意3年内向债主还清欠款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Creditors could obtain a writ for the arrest of their debtors. 债权人可以获得逮捕债务人的令状。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

17 inciting   

刺激的，煽动的

参考例句：

• What are you up to inciting mutiny and insubordination? 你们干吗在这里煽动骚动的叛乱呀。
• He was charged with inciting people to rebel. 他被控煽动民众起来叛乱。

18 sputtered   

v.唾沫飞溅( sputter的过去式和过去分词 )；发劈啪声；喷出；飞溅出

参考例句：

• The candle sputtered out. 蜡烛噼啪爆响着熄灭了。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The balky engine sputtered and stopped. 不听使唤的发动机劈啪作响地停了下来。 来自辞典例句

19 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

20 hydrocarbons   

n.碳氢化合物，烃( hydrocarbon的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Hydrocarbons (HC), like carbon monoxide, represent unburned and wasted fuel. 碳氢化合物(HC)像一氧化碳一样，为未燃尽的和被浪费掉的燃料。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
• With this restricted frequency range it is not applicable to hydrocarbons. 这个较紧缩的频率范围不适用于烃类。 来自辞典例句

21 clobber   

v.打垮

参考例句：

• The paper got clobbered with libel damages of half a million pounds.这家报纸被罚以五十万英镑的诽谤损害赔偿金。
• We got clobbered in the game on Saturday.我们在星期六的比赛中一败涂地。

22 artillery   

n.(军)火炮，大炮；炮兵(部队)

参考例句：

• This is a heavy artillery piece.这是一门重炮。
• The artillery has more firepower than the infantry.炮兵火力比步兵大。

23 intensified   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
• The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

24 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

25 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

26 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

27 contradictory   

adj.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的；n.正反对，矛盾对立

参考例句：

• The argument is internally contradictory.论据本身自相矛盾。
• What he said was self-contradictory.他讲话前后不符。

28 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

29 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

30 Congressman   

n.（美）国会议员

参考例句：

• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
• The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。

31 retired   

adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的

参考例句：

• The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
• Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。

32 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

33 tally   

n.计数器，记分，一致，测量；vt.计算，记录，使一致；vi.计算，记分，一致

参考例句：

• Don't forget to keep a careful tally of what you spend.别忘了仔细记下你的开支账目。
• The facts mentioned in the report tally to every detail.报告中所提到的事实都丝毫不差。

34 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

35 tycoon   

n.有钱有势的企业家，大亨

参考例句：

• The tycoon is on the verge of bankruptcy.那名大亨濒临破产的边缘。
• The tycoon has many servants to minister to his needs.那位大亨有很多人服侍他。

36 bail   

v.舀（水），保释；n.保证金，保释，保释人

参考例句：

• One of the prisoner's friends offered to bail him out.犯人的一个朋友答应保释他出来。
• She has been granted conditional bail.她被准予有条件保释。