经济学人499:莫迪是印度的救星还是克星?

 　　Leaders

　　社论

　　India

　　印度

　　Would Modi save India or wreck¹ it?

　　莫迪是印度的救星还是克星？

　　India's Muslims have reason to fear Narendra Modi. He should reach out to them.

　　莫迪令印度的穆斯林教徒害怕也是情有可原的，他应该与他们亲近些。

　　EVEN five years ago it would have been inconceivable; but, with a general election due by next May, Narendra Modi is the front-runner to become India's next prime minister.

　　甚至5年前，那还无法想象；但值此大选将于明年五月份结束之际，莫迪成为最有可能担任印度下一届首相之人。

　　The long-serving chief minister of Gujarat has always had a core of passionate² supporters for his mix of economic efficiency and hardline Hindu nationalism, and because he gets things done, an increasing number of voters see him as the saviour³ of India's struggling economy.

　　长期担任古吉拉特邦的首席部长有几个核心支持者，赞成他的整体经济效益以及加固印度的民族主义，这也是因为他干了些实事，所以越来越多的选民认为他可以拯救印度惨淡的经济。

　　But Indian politics has no more divisive figure.

　　但是此人在印度政坛中颇受争议。

　　A terrible blot⁴ hangs over his reputation since an orgy of violence in his state in 2002 left over 1,000 dead, most of them Muslims.

　　2002年在他管辖的地方暴力事件猖狂，造成1000人死亡，而其中大多数人是穆斯林人，他因此声名狼藉。

　　Do his qualities outweigh⁵ that huge stain?

　　那么他的能力能否盖过他这一巨大政治上污点呢？

　　Modi madness

　　莫迪之疯狂

　　If Mr Modi looks like the country's leader-in-waiting, that is a measure of the state of the ruling party.

　　如果莫迪看起来像是印度的候选领导，那便是衡量执政党状况的一种方式。

　　Congress has been in power since 2004 and long ago lost its vim⁶.

　　国会自2004年开始掌权，很早就失去了活力。

　　India's once-scintillating growth rate has fallen by half to 5%.

　　印度曾经较高的增长率也跌了一半至2.5%。

　　With a need to find new jobs for 10m Indians joining the workforce⁷ each year, such sluggish⁸ growth brings a terrible human cost.

　　每年100万的印度人亟需找到新工作，但如此萧条的经济增长率使人力成本惨不忍睹。

　　It is this backdrop that makes Congress's drift and venality⁹ look so dangerous.

　　正是在这样的背景下，国会的人浮于事以及唯利是图是十分危险。

　　The 81-year-old prime minister, Manmohan Singh, once a reformer, is serving out his days as a Gandhi family retainer.

　　81岁的总理，曼莫汉·辛格曾经也是一位改革家，如今作为甘地家族的保护者，正不断为此服务直至其任期满为止。

　　Rahul Gandhi might end up as Congress's next candidate for prime minister; yet the princeling seems neither to want the job nor to be up to doing it.

　　拉胡尔·甘地可能最后会成为国会下一届的总理候选人；然而这位王子看起来既不想要这份工作也不能胜任。

　　In four of the five state elections announced this week Congress was deservedly walloped.

　　本周，5个邦大选中就有4个宣布国会理应备受指责。

　　One encouraging sign was the emergence¹⁰ of an anti-corruption¹¹ movement in Delhi.

　　但在新德里出现的反腐运动现象鼓舞人心。

　　The main beneficiary of this passion for change, however, is Mr Modi.

　　这次人们钟情于改变的热情高涨主要受益者是莫迪。

　　Not only is he the prime-ministerial candidate for the Hindu, centre-right Bharatiya Janata Party but, to an unusual degree for an Indian party, he is the public face of its campaign.

　　他不但成为了印度教里中右翼印度人民党的总理候选人，很大程度上，他也代表着这印度政党整个阵营的形象。

　　His visibility helps account for its success this week in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Delhi.

　　他经常出现在公众视野中，这倒也使得他本周在拉贾斯坦邦、中央邦、恰蒂斯加尔邦以及新德里大获成功。

　　A brilliant orator¹², the 63-year-old attracts huge crowds around the country.

　　一位才能出众的63岁演说家，吸引了全国大批拥护者。

　　Whereas Indian politicians usually pay people to attend their rallies, Mr Modi charges an entrance fee—which is both a sign of the enthusiasm he arouses and a way of making supporters feel they belong to a powerful movement.

　　鉴于印度的政治家们通常都花钱让百姓参加他们的集会，莫迪反而收取入会费——这也表明他能唤起民众的热情以及使支持者感觉归属于这一强大运动中。

　　Many of India's business titans are besotted with him. Anil Ambani of Reliance Group calls him “the lord of men, a leader among leaders and a king among kings”.

　　许多商业大亨十分信赖他。信实集团的安尼尔·安巴尼称他为“人们的主，领袖中的领袖，王中之王”。

　　Investors¹³ think that he would fire up the economy. Bright young acolytes¹⁴ are giving up well-paid jobs to join his campaign.

　　投资家们认为他可以带动经济的增长。如今聪明年轻的党羽正放弃高薪的工作加入到他的阵营。

　　Much about Mr Modi appeals to this newspaper too.

　　本报也对于他的诸多事情十分感兴趣。

　　He is a man of action and an outspoken¹⁵ outsider in a political system stuffed with cronies.

　　他富有执行力，在充满结党营私的政治体系中依旧可以是直言不讳的旁观者。

　　In contrast with the pampered¹⁶ Mr Gandhi, great-grandson of Jawaharlal Nehru and son of Sonia Gandhi, Congress's behind-the-scenes boss, Mr Modi comes from a low caste and a modest background as a tea-seller; his success is down to drive and ambition.

　　与国会的幕后老板—养尊处优惯了的甘地相反，莫迪只是社会地位低、背景谦卑的茶商；他的成功归因于他的执行力与雄心壮志。

　　And in a system shot through with corruption, he seems pretty clean.

　　在充斥着腐败的体系中，他看上去还十分清廉。

　　Unusually for a serious contender to be prime minister, Mr Modi has a record from a dozen years as a chief minister.

　　对于严肃认真的莫迪而言，竞选担任总理，这不同寻常。莫迪曾有十来年的光阴担任首席部长。

　　Gujarat, a state of 60m people, has boomed as he has cut red tape and built roads and power lines.

　　一个拥有6千万人口的古吉拉特邦，自他删去那些繁文禄节，修建道路与电线后，欣欣向荣起来了。

　　Business has flourished and investment has poured in.

　　商业日益繁荣，外资也越来越多。

　　Gujarat accounts for just 5% of India's population, yet produces nearly a quarter of its exports.

　　古吉拉特邦仅占据印度人口的5%，然而却占据了印度出口量的将近四分之一。

　　State GDP has almost tripled under Mr Modi. Most social indicators¹⁷ have also improved.

　　在莫迪的管理下，该地区的GDP已经近乎翻了三番。大多数社会指标也得以提高了。

　　Even among Muslims, generally poorer than Hindus, the poverty rate has fallen from over 40% to 11% in two decades.

　　甚至在比印度教徒还更为贫困的穆斯林信徒中，贫穷比率也在近20年里从近40%下降到11%。

　　Mr Modi talks of replicating¹⁸ Gujarat's rapid growth, industrial development and improved infrastructure¹⁹ across India.

　　莫迪论及全印度可复制古吉拉特邦的快速增长，工业的发展与基础设施的改善。

　　That is refreshing²⁰. Politicians usually promise subsidies²¹ and largesse²² for special interests.

　　这想法很新鲜。因为政客们通常都只是承诺给补助金并且出于特殊利益才慷慨赠予。

　　This is the Modi who could save India and greatly benefit hundreds of millions of the world's poorest people.

　　正是莫迪可以挽救印度，数以千万的贫苦百姓能得以从水生火热中逃脱。

　　But his business supporters should face the fact that there is also a Modi who risks breaking India.

　　但是他的商业支持者也应意识到另一个事实—莫迪有可能会把印度给毁了。

　　Two serious questions hang over his character.

　　他性格方面有两处非议。

　　The first concerns his leadership.

　　首先关乎他的领导权。

　　He is an autocratic loner who is a poor delegator.

　　他是位独裁的孤家寡人，由自己全权代表。

　　That may work at state level, but not at national level—particularly when the BJP is likely to come to power only as part of a coalition²³.

　　在治理一个小邦上，这一问题还无关紧要，但是在管理国家上而言，这点就行不通了—尤其当印度人民党可能会作为联合的一部分而掌权。

　　A man who does not listen to the counsel of others is likely to make bad decisions, and if he were prime minister of India, and thus had his finger on the button of a potential nuclear conflict with Pakistan, Mr Modi would be faced with some very serious ones.

　　一位不听取他人建议的人可能会作出错误的决定，要是这样的莫迪做了印度的总理，势必会引发与巴基斯坦的核武器冲突，等待着他的还有一些此类非常严重的问题。

　　Beyond the pale?

　　不谋其政？

　　The second issue concerns the dreadful pogrom that happened on Mr Modi's watch.

　　第二点便是关系到莫迪保护范围内的地区出现了大屠杀事件。

　　No Indian court has found him guilty of any crime.

　　但印度法庭没有加以他任何罪名。

　　Yet it is hard to find an Indian who believes he does not share some responsibility for what happened—if only through neglect.

　　印度人民可不这么看，他们认为他多少应为此事付些责任—就从疏于职守来看。

　　He is banned from travel to America because of it.

　　他因此被禁止前往美国旅行。

　　In this context, Mr Modi's failure to show remorse²⁴, which goes down well with his Hindu chauvinist²⁵ base, speaks volumes.

　　在这一背景下，莫迪没有表达一点懊悔之情，但在印度沙文主义的腹地他却是一番虔诚致歉。

　　The BJP is not the only party in India with a bloody²⁶ history.

　　印度人民党并不是印度唯一一个用鲜血构筑的党派。

　　Congress turned a blind eye in 1984 as thousands of Sikhs were massacred in rage at the murder of Indira Gandhi by her Sikh bodyguards²⁷.

　　1984年因英迪拉·甘地险些被锡克教保镖谋杀而盛怒之下杀害了数以千计的锡克教教徒。

　　Yet Congress does not pursue a policy against Sikhs or any other ethnic²⁸ or religious group, while Mr Modi has devoted²⁹ much of his life to the pursuit of an extreme form of Hindu nationalism.

　　然而国会对此视若罔闻，也不出台对抗锡克教徒或者其他种族抑或宗教群体的政策，尽管莫迪花了他大半人生来追求使印度教成为国教这一极端方式。

　　His state party included no Muslim candidates in last year's election and he has refused to wear a Muslim skull-cap.

　　他的政党将去年大选的穆斯林候选人排除在外，他还拒绝戴穆斯林的无边便帽。

　　Other BJP leaders have worn them.

　　而其他印度人民党的领袖都戴上了。

　　He failed to condemn³⁰ riots in Uttar Pradesh in September in which most of the victims were Muslim.

　　9月份对于主要以穆斯林教徒受害者居多的北方邦动乱，莫迪也未能对此次动乱加以谴责。

　　All sins of omission³¹ perhaps, but in India symbols like skull-caps matter—as Mr Modi well knows.

　　可能就算忽略所有的过错，然而对于诸如无边便帽这样的印度象征物也不可置之不理。

　　India's great strength is its inclusiveness. In the next five months Mr Modi needs to show that his idea of a pure India is no longer a wholly Hindu one.

　　印度的最大优势就是它的包容性。在接下来的5个月，莫迪需要表示下他想要的一个纯粹的印度并不再是唯独印度教的那个。

　　How he does that is his own affair, but an unambiguous public demonstration³² that he abhors³³ violence and discrimination against Muslims is a bare minimum.

　　他怎么做那是他自己的事情，但是让他在公众场合明确表态讨厌反感以暴力、歧视对待穆斯林，这是最低的一项要求。

　　Otherwise, this newspaper will not back him.

　　否则，本报不会支持他。

　　1.reach out to 接触，联系，把手伸向

　　Who do you need to reach out to this christmas?

　　这个圣诞节，有谁是你需要接触的？

　　Nonetheless, his attempt to reach out to nigerians directly is laudable.

　　尽管如此，他尝试直接接触民众是值得称道的。

　　2.in power 掌权的,执政的

　　The communist party is now readying lavish³⁴ celebrations for its 60th anniversary in power in october.

　　眼下，中国共产党正准备盛大庆祝10月的执政60周年纪念日。

　　The lpd bears the scars of being in power almost continuously since 1955. The party is fractured and exhausted³⁵.

　　自民党的伤处在于，该党自1955年以来几乎一直执政，到现在已经四分五裂、疲惫不堪。

　　3.give up 放弃；投降

　　But some mountaineers do not give up.

　　但是一些登山家并没有放弃。

　　It seemed that there was a message for him not to give up.

　　这仿佛给他捎来飞鸿，让他不要放弃这一切。

　　4.stuff with 使塞满；灌输某种思想

　　Rihanna seen strutting³⁶ her stuff with her new hair and blackberry.

　　蕾哈娜看支护在她的新发型和黑莓她的东西。

　　It can always pay its bills, because it prints the stuff with which bills are paid.

　　政府总是可以偿还债务，因为他可以印偿还债务用的钱。

1 wreck   

n.失事，遇难；沉船；vt.(船等)失事，遇难

参考例句：

• Weather may have been a factor in the wreck.天气可能是造成这次失事的原因之一。
• No one can wreck the friendship between us.没有人能够破坏我们之间的友谊。

2 passionate   

adj.热情的，热烈的，激昂的，易动情的，易怒的，性情暴躁的

参考例句：

• He is said to be the most passionate man.据说他是最有激情的人。
• He is very passionate about the project.他对那个项目非常热心。

3 saviour   

n.拯救者，救星

参考例句：

• I saw myself as the saviour of my country.我幻想自己为国家的救星。
• The people clearly saw her as their saviour.人们显然把她看成了救星。

4 blot   

vt.弄脏（用吸墨纸）吸干；n.污点，污渍

参考例句：

• That new factory is a blot on the landscape.那新建的工厂破坏了此地的景色。
• The crime he committed is a blot on his record.他犯的罪是他的履历中的一个污点。

5 outweigh   

vt.比...更重，...更重要

参考例句：

• The merits of your plan outweigh the defects.你制定的计划其优点胜过缺点。
• One's merits outweigh one's short-comings.功大于过。

6 vim   

n.精力，活力

参考例句：

• He set to his task with renewed vim and vigour.他再度抖擞精神，手完成自己的工作。
• This young fellow does his work with vim and vigour.这小伙子干活真冲。

7 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

8 sluggish   

adj.懒惰的，迟钝的，无精打采的

参考例句：

• This humid heat makes you feel rather sluggish.这种湿热的天气使人感到懒洋洋的。
• Circulation is much more sluggish in the feet than in the hands.脚部的循环比手部的循环缓慢得多。

9 venality   

n.贪赃枉法，腐败

参考例句：

10 emergence   

n.浮现，显现，出现，（植物）突出体

参考例句：

• The last decade saw the emergence of a dynamic economy.最近10年见证了经济增长的姿态。
• Language emerges and develops with the emergence and development of society.语言是随着社会的产生而产生，随着社会的发展而发展的。

11 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

12 orator   

n.演说者，演讲者，雄辩家

参考例句：

• He was so eloquent that he cut down the finest orator.他能言善辩，胜过最好的演说家。
• The orator gestured vigorously while speaking.这位演讲者讲话时用力地做手势。

13 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

14 acolytes   

n.助手( acolyte的名词复数 )；随从；新手；（天主教）侍祭

参考例句：

• To his acolytes, he is known simply as 'the Boss'. 他被手下人简称为“老板”。 来自辞典例句
• Many of the acolytes have been in hiding amongst the populace. 许多寺僧都隐藏在平民当中。 来自互联网

15 outspoken   

adj.直言无讳的，坦率的，坦白无隐的

参考例句：

• He was outspoken in his criticism.他在批评中直言不讳。
• She is an outspoken critic of the school system in this city.她是这座城市里学校制度的坦率的批评者。

16 pampered   

adj.饮食过量的，饮食奢侈的v.纵容，宠，娇养( pamper的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The lazy scum deserve worse. What if they ain't fed up and pampered? 他们吃不饱，他们的要求满足不了，这又有什么关系？ 来自飘（部分）
• She petted and pampered him and would let no one discipline him but she, herself. 她爱他，娇养他，而且除了她自己以外，她不允许任何人管教他。 来自辞典例句

17 indicators   

（仪器上显示温度、压力、耗油量等的）指针( indicator的名词复数 )； 指示物； （车辆上的）转弯指示灯； 指示信号

参考例句：

• The economic indicators are better than expected. 经济指标比预期的好。
• It is still difficult to develop indicators for many concepts used in social science. 为社会科学领域的许多概念确立一个指标仍然很难。

18 replicating   

复制( replicate的现在分词 )； 重复； 再造； 再生

参考例句：

• Applications create these partitions for storing and replicating data. 应用程序创建这些分区用来储存和复制数据。
• The closest real things to these creatures were bits of self-replicating RNA. 最贴近这些造物的实物是能做一点微不足道的自复制的核糖核酸。

19 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

20 refreshing   

adj.使精神振作的，使人清爽的，使人喜欢的

参考例句：

• I find it'so refreshing to work with young people in this department.我发现和这一部门的青年一起工作令人精神振奋。
• The water was cold and wonderfully refreshing.水很涼，特别解乏提神。

21 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

22 largesse   

n.慷慨援助，施舍

参考例句：

• She is not noted for her largesse.没人听说过她出手大方。
• Our people are in no need of richer nations' largesse.我国人民不需要富国的施舍。

23 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

24 remorse   

n.痛恨，悔恨，自责

参考例句：

• She had no remorse about what she had said.她对所说的话不后悔。
• He has shown no remorse for his actions.他对自己的行为没有任何悔恨之意。

25 chauvinist   

n.沙文主义者

参考例句：

• I don't know how she can live with him;he's such a male chauvinist pig!我真不理解她怎么能与他一起生活，他是个典型的大男子主义者。
• How can you do the Muslim chauvinist thing?你怎么能做穆斯林沙文主义的事情？

26 bloody   

adj.非常的的；流血的；残忍的；adv.很；vt.血染

参考例句：

• He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
• He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。

27 bodyguards   

n.保镖，卫士，警卫员( bodyguard的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Brooks came to Jim's office accompanied—like always—by his two bodyguards. 和往常一样，在两名保镖的陪同下，布鲁克斯去吉姆的办公室。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Three of his bodyguards were injured in the attack. 在这次袭击事件中，他有3名保镖受了伤。 来自辞典例句

28 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

29 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

30 condemn   

vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑

参考例句：

• Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他，而有些人谴责他。
• We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions.我们不可全凭臆测来指责他。

31 omission   

n.省略，删节；遗漏或省略的事物，冗长

参考例句：

• The omission of the girls was unfair.把女孩排除在外是不公平的。
• The omission of this chapter from the third edition was a gross oversight.第三版漏印这一章是个大疏忽。

32 demonstration   

n.表明，示范，论证，示威

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

33 abhors   

v.憎恶( abhor的第三人称单数 )；（厌恶地）回避；拒绝；淘汰

参考例句：

• For the same reason, our party abhors the deification of an individual. 因为这样，我们党也厌弃对于个人的神化。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She abhors cruelty to animals. 她憎恶虐待动物。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

34 lavish   

adj.无节制的；浪费的；vt.慷慨地给予，挥霍

参考例句：

• He despised people who were lavish with their praises.他看不起那些阿谀奉承的人。
• The sets and costumes are lavish.布景和服装极尽奢华。

35 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

36 strutting   

加固，支撑物

参考例句：

• He, too, was exceedingly arrogant, strutting about the castle. 他也是非常自大，在城堡里大摇大摆地走。
• The pompous lecturer is strutting and forth across the stage. 这个演讲者在台上趾高气扬地来回走着。