经济学人501:乌克兰危机 不是同一场电影

 　　Leaders

　　社论

　　Crisis in Ukraine

　　乌克兰危机

　　Not the same movie

　　不是同一场电影

　　The situation in Ukraine is volatile¹ and dangerous. The West must act

　　对于乌克兰目前动荡，危险的局势，西方国家必须采取行动。

　　SAME places. Same slogans.

　　同样的地点，同样的口号，

　　Same icy weather. Same villain²: Viktor Yanukovych, Ukraine's thuggish president.

　　同样的冰天雪地，针对同一个恶人—乌克兰的暗杀总统亚努科维奇。

　　The protesters in Kiev want him out, just as the Orange revolutionaries of 2004 wanted an election that had been rigged in his favour to be annulled³.

　　2004年基辅的橙色革命，示威者们对竞选中的舞弊行为表示抗议，9年后同样在基辅示威者们再次抗议他的继任。

　　Outsiders may be tempted⁴ to think that the current turmoil⁵ is simply a rerun of the previous bout⁶, and is likewise destined⁷ to end peacefully.

　　局外人也许会认为目前的混乱仅仅是一次历史的重演，最后注定将和平收场。

　　But the latest stand-off is far more volatile—and much too dangerous for the West to watch blithely⁸ as it develops.

　　但是最近的对峙局面越来越不稳定，对于西方国家来说，冷眼旁观其发展是非常危险的。

　　The biggest change is in leadership, on all sides.

　　最大的变化是全方位的领导层变化。

　　In 2004 the Orange brigades had clear leaders, a definite aim and formidable discipline.

　　2004年橙色派有明确的领导层，清晰的目标和严谨的纪律。

　　Partly because, in office, those leaders thoroughly⁹ discredited¹¹ themselves, today's crowds lack all these assets.

　　一部分原因是因为，在办公时那些领导者们彻底败坏了自己的名声，而这些却是现在民众所缺少的。

　　The protests were sparked by Mr Yanukovych's decision to reject a trade deal with the European Union, which most Ukrainians supported; but the anger goes much wider, embracing the country's entire corrupt¹², dysfunctional governing class.

　　示威活动在亚努科维奇决定拒绝签署大多数乌克兰人支持的与欧盟签署贸易协议时一触即发。

　　The opposition¹³ politicians who are trying to surf this legitimate¹⁴ fury have less control over the protesters than social media do, and could not disperse¹⁵ them even if they wanted to.

　　但令人愤怒的远不仅此，还有整个国家的腐败风气以及统治阶级的功能失调。那些试图通过网络合法表达愤怒的反对派政治家比社会媒体更难控制，即使他们很想，却也难分散。

　　The regime is dangerously different, too.

　　该政权也截然不同。

　　In 2004 the wily outgoing president, Leonid Kuchma, ultimately brokered¹⁶ a solution.

　　2004年，即将离任老谋深算的总统库奇马最后提出了一个解决方案。

　　Mr Yanukovych, by contrast, is loth to compromise, seeing politics as a winner-takes-all, life-and-death struggle—much like his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, who helped to cause the crisis by cajoling him to reject the EU.

　　相反地，亚努科维奇总统不愿妥协，将政治看做一场赢者得天下，生与死的斗争，这点很像俄罗斯总统，弗拉迪米尔普京总统，正是他哄骗亚努科维奇拒绝签署欧盟协议导致危机的爆发。

　　For Mr Putin the Orange revolution was a humiliation¹⁷, which he wrongly believed had been orchestrated by the West;

　　对于普京来说，橙色革命时一种耻辱，因为他错误的认为这是由西方国家策划的。

　　since 2004 he has himself become more ruthless, both geopolitically and towards dissent¹⁸.

　　从2004年开始，无论对地缘政治还是持不同政见者，普京都更显无情。

　　The United States, meanwhile, which leant on Mr Kuchma in 2004, has lost interest.

　　同时，2004年倚靠库奇马总统的美国对这些也失去了兴趣。

　　The upshot of all this is violence.

　　这一切的结果就是暴力。

　　The crushing of a protest camp on November 30th was more brutal¹⁹ than anything done during the Orange revolution, which resembled a month-long rock festival as much as a political upheaval²⁰.

　　11月30日，破碎的抗议营地比类似为期一个月摇滚音乐节的橙色革命政治动乱的任何时期更加残酷。

　　This time protesters have blockaded streets and occupied municipal buildings; riot police have beaten demonstrators and journalists; agents provocateurs have tried to discredit¹⁰ the crowd and so excuse the repression²¹.

　　这个时期，抗议者封锁了街道和被占领的城市建筑，防暴警察殴打示威者和记者，间谍试图抹黑群众并以此镇压。

　　The security services, which wavered in 2004, have been tamed by Mr Yanukovych.

　　2004年时有些动摇的安全服务已被亚努科维奇镇压下来。

　　To minimise scruples²², he has borrowed the old Russian trick of busing goons to Kiev from elsewhere.

　　为了减少顾虑，他甚至借用俄罗斯老把戏从其他地方运来受雇暴徒到基辅。

　　The violence could get much worse.

　　这场暴力事件可能会愈演愈烈。

　　The fire this time

　　激烈的时期

　　Even by the standards of eastern Europe, Ukraine's history is appallingly²³ bloodstained.

　　即使以东欧的标准，乌克兰的历史依然是惊人的血迹斑斑。

　　The memory of its 20th-century horrors has helped to defuse internal tensions since the country became independent in 1991.

　　自从1992年独立以来，20世纪的恐怖记忆稍许缓解了内部紧张局势。

　　But it remains²⁴ a fragile polity, divided between Russian- and Ukrainian-speakers, manipulated by Moscow and now threatened by a teetering economy, an ominous²⁵ budget deficit²⁶ and huge debts.

　　但是它仍然是一个脆弱的国家，受俄罗斯和乌克兰领导者的影响，受到莫斯科的控制，和目前不详的预算赤字，巨额负债这些摇摇欲坠的经济威胁。

　　Nationalism, once confined to pockets of western Ukraine, has spread.

　　民族主义，曾局限于乌克兰西部的思想已逐渐蔓延开。

　　Irreconcilable²⁷ forces are tussling for control of the capital.

　　不可调和的力量正角逐着想要控制这个国家。

　　Perhaps the protests will fizzle out in the slush.

　　也许，示威活动将会在这一团糟的形势下不了了之。

　　But equally this nation of 46m people, bordering on four EU countries, could combust.

　　但是这个接壤4个欧盟国家的4600万民众也可能会受到波及。

　　The person best-placed to avoid that outcome is Mr Yanukovych.

　　可以最好的避免这种后果的人是亚努科维奇。

　　His record—nobbling courts and the media, persecuting²⁸ opponents, coddling cronies—justifies the protesters' call for a snap presidential vote.

　　诈骗法院和媒体，迫害对手，纵容亲信，他的这些记录都作为证据让抗议者呼吁提前举行总统选举。

　　The same goes for parliamentary elections: the Rada, Ukraine's parliament, is a nest of scoundrels and oligarchs' placemen, who should be replaced.

　　同样的还有议会选举，拉达，包含一群乌合之众和寡头政治执行者的乌克兰议会应该被取代。

　　Mr Yanukovych is unlikely to allow either sort of election, but even he must see that his country is becoming ungovernable.

　　亚努科维奇是不可能允许进行这任何一种选举，但是他必须明白他的国家正变得不受控制。

　　This week his government survived a no-confidence vote.

　　本周他的政府得到的投票数不太乐观。

　　He should sack it anyway and, as a minimal²⁹ political concession³⁰, bring the main opposition parties into a new coalition³¹.

　　作为一个最小的政治让步，无论如何他应该解散它，将主要的野党加入新的联盟。

　　And the West should ensure that any further violence has a high price.

　　西方国家应该明白进一步的暴乱将会产生高昂的代价。

　　By coincidence the OSCE, an international forum³², was holding a powwow in Kiev on December 5th and 6th.

　　巧合的是欧安组织，一个国际论坛，于12月5日和6日在基辅举行一场仪式。

　　The EU's envoys³³ should be at the barricades³⁴, facing down the skull-crackers—not in support of any politician but in the cause of peaceful protest.

　　欧盟特使应该会遇见路障，面对暴乱，不应该支持任何政党而是弄清和平抗议的原因。

　　And the Europeans should make clear to Mr Yanukovych and his henchmen that, in the event of an escalation³⁵, they will be punished where it hurts—through travel bans, and asset and bank-account freezes.

　　欧洲国家应该让亚努科维奇和他的追随者清楚的意识到事件的不断扩大，他们将会受到旅游禁令，冻结资产和银行账户的相应惩罚。

　　The country may be almost bankrupt, but its ruling clique³⁶ is not.

　　这个国家很有可能会破产，但它的统治集团却不会。

　　America should do the same.

　　美国也应如此，

　　But the onus³⁷ is on the EU. Having helped to precipitate³⁸ this crisis, it cannot walk away from it.

　　但是责任在于欧盟，它加速了这场危机的发生，但却又离不开它。

　　Even Mr Putin, who likes his neighbours weak, should recognise that his meddling³⁹, and Ukraine's own pathologies, have brought it to the brink⁴⁰ of tragedy.

　　即使是喜欢邻国较弱的普京也必须承认他的干涉和乌克兰自己的病症最后导致了这场悲剧的爆发。

　　1.destine to 注定要，命运注定

　　The cigarette falls in love with match to destine to be hurt.

　　香烟爱上火柴就注定被伤害。

　　Some fate is to destine to be lost, some fate will be out of a good result forever.

　　有些缘分是注定要失去的，有些缘分是永远不会有好结果的。

　　2.help to 有助于，促进

　　Such information can also help to avoid injuries.

　　这样的信息也有助于避免受伤。

　　Several medicines can help to reduce adhd symptoms.

　　有几种药物可有助于减少adhd症状。

　　3.riot police 防暴警察

　　Riot police fired tear-gas and sound grenades.

　　防暴警察向他们发射催泪弹和声音手榴弹。

　　Call the riot police again.

　　再一次打电话给镇暴警察。

　　4.confine to 限于…之内

　　The treatment to pulsar signal only confine to the adding of the pulsar signal by cycles at present.

　　目前对脉冲星信号的处理仅局限于对脉冲星信号不同周期的迭加。

　　Confine to a small space, as for intensive work.

　　关在一个小的空间里，如为了进行高强度的工作。

1 volatile   

adj.反复无常的，挥发性的，稍纵即逝的，脾气火爆的；n.挥发性物质

参考例句：

• With the markets being so volatile,investments are at great risk.由于市场那么变化不定，投资冒着很大的风险。
• His character was weak and volatile.他这个人意志薄弱，喜怒无常。

2 villain   

n.反派演员，反面人物；恶棍；问题的起因

参考例句：

• He was cast as the villain in the play.他在戏里扮演反面角色。
• The man who played the villain acted very well.扮演恶棍的那个男演员演得很好。

3 annulled   

v.宣告无效( annul的过去式和过去分词 )；取消；使消失；抹去

参考例句：

• Their marriage was annulled after just six months. 他们的婚姻仅过半年就宣告取消。
• Many laws made by the former regime have been annulled. 前政权制定的许多法律被宣布无效。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 tempted   

v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词）

参考例句：

• I was sorely tempted to complain, but I didn't. 我极想发牢骚，但还是没开口。
• I was tempted by the dessert menu. 甜食菜单馋得我垂涎欲滴。

5 turmoil   

n.骚乱，混乱，动乱

参考例句：

• His mind was in such a turmoil that he couldn't get to sleep.内心的纷扰使他无法入睡。
• The robbery put the village in a turmoil.抢劫使全村陷入混乱。

6 bout   

n.侵袭，发作；一次(阵，回)；拳击等比赛

参考例句：

• I was suffering with a bout of nerves.我感到一阵紧张。
• That bout of pneumonia enfeebled her.那次肺炎的发作使她虚弱了。

7 destined   

adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的

参考例句：

• It was destined that they would marry.他们结婚是缘分。
• The shipment is destined for America.这批货物将运往美国。

8 blithely   

adv.欢乐地，快活地，无挂虑地

参考例句：

• They blithely carried on chatting, ignoring the customers who were waiting to be served. 他们继续开心地聊天，将等着购物的顾客们置于一边。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He blithely ignored her protests and went on talking as if all were agreed between them. 对她的抗议他毫不在意地拋诸脑后，只管继续往下说，仿彿他们之间什么都谈妥了似的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 thoroughly   

adv.完全地，彻底地，十足地

参考例句：

• The soil must be thoroughly turned over before planting.一定要先把土地深翻一遍再下种。
• The soldiers have been thoroughly instructed in the care of their weapons.士兵们都系统地接受过保护武器的训练。

10 discredit   

vt.使不可置信；n.丧失信义；不信，怀疑

参考例句：

• Their behaviour has bought discredit on English football.他们的行为败坏了英国足球运动的声誉。
• They no longer try to discredit the technology itself.他们不再试图怀疑这种技术本身。

11 discredited   

不足信的，不名誉的

参考例句：

• The reactionary authorities are between two fires and have been discredited. 反动当局弄得进退维谷，不得人心。
• Her honour was discredited in the newspapers. 她的名声被报纸败坏了。

12 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

13 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

14 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

15 disperse   

vi.使分散；使消失；vt.分散；驱散

参考例句：

• The cattle were swinging their tails to disperse the flies.那些牛甩动着尾巴驱赶苍蝇。
• The children disperse for the holidays.孩子们放假了。

16 brokered   

adj.由权力经纪人安排（或控制）的v.做掮客（或中人等）( broker的过去式和过去分词 )；作为权力经纪人进行谈判；以中间人等身份安排…

参考例句：

• a peace plan brokered by the UN 由联合国出面协商的和平计划
• Your husband brokered the deal to go in, transfrer the assets and get our man out. 你丈夫后来插了一脚，把生意都抢了过去，我们的人也被挤了出来。 来自电影对白

17 humiliation   

n.羞辱

参考例句：

• He suffered the humiliation of being forced to ask for his cards.他蒙受了被迫要求辞职的羞辱。
• He will wish to revenge his humiliation in last Season's Final.他会为在上个季度的决赛中所受的耻辱而报复的。

18 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

19 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

20 upheaval   

n.胀起，(地壳)的隆起；剧变，动乱

参考例句：

• It was faced with the greatest social upheaval since World War Ⅱ.它面临第二次世界大战以来最大的社会动乱。
• The country has been thrown into an upheaval.这个国家已经陷入动乱之中。

21 repression   

n.镇压，抑制，抑压

参考例句：

• The repression of your true feelings is harmful to your health.压抑你的真实感情有害健康。
• This touched off a new storm against violent repression.这引起了反对暴力镇压的新风暴。

22 scruples   

n.良心上的不安( scruple的名词复数 )；顾虑，顾忌v.感到于心不安，有顾忌( scruple的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• I overcame my moral scruples. 我抛开了道德方面的顾虑。
• I'm not ashamed of my scruples about your family. They were natural. 我并未因为对你家人的顾虑而感到羞耻。这种感觉是自然而然的。 来自疯狂英语突破英语语调

23 appallingly   

毛骨悚然地

参考例句：

• His tradecraft was appallingly reckless. 他的经营轻率得令人吃惊。
• Another damning statistic for South Africa is its appallingly high murder rate. 南非还有一项糟糕的统计，表明它还有着令人毛骨悚然的高谋杀率。

24 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

25 ominous   

adj.不祥的，不吉的，预兆的，预示的

参考例句：

• Those black clouds look ominous for our picnic.那些乌云对我们的野餐来说是个不祥之兆。
• There was an ominous silence at the other end of the phone.电话那头出现了不祥的沉默。

26 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。

27 irreconcilable   

adj.（指人）难和解的，势不两立的

参考例句：

• These practices are irreconcilable with the law of the Church.这种做法与教规是相悖的。
• These old concepts are irreconcilable with modern life.这些陈旧的观念与现代生活格格不入。

28 persecuting   

（尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的现在分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人

参考例句：

• This endurance made old Earnshaw furious, when he discovered his son persecuting the poor, fatherless child, as he called him. 当老恩萧发现他的儿子这样虐待他所谓的可怜的孤儿时，这种逆来顺受使老恩萧冒火了。
• He is possessed with the idea that someone is persecuting him. 他老是觉得有人要害他。

29 minimal   

adj.尽可能少的，最小的

参考例句：

• They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.他们把这种艺术叫微型艺术。
• I stayed with friends, so my expenses were minimal.我住在朋友家，所以我的花费很小。

30 concession   

n.让步，妥协；特许(权)

参考例句：

• We can not make heavy concession to the matter.我们在这个问题上不能过于让步。
• That is a great concession.这是很大的让步。

31 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

32 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

33 envoys   

使节( envoy的名词复数 )； 公使； 谈判代表； 使节身份

参考例句：

• the routine tit for tat when countries expel each other's envoys 国家相互驱逐对方使节这种惯常的报复行动
• Marco Polo's travelogue mentions that Kublai Khan sent envoys to Malgache. 马可波罗游记中提到忽必烈曾派使节到马尔加什。

34 barricades   

路障，障碍物( barricade的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The police stormed the barricades the demonstrators had put up. 警察冲破了示威者筑起的街垒。
• Others died young, in prison or on the barricades. 另一些人年轻时就死在监牢里或街垒旁。

35 escalation   

n.扩大，增加

参考例句：

• The threat of nuclear escalation remains. 核升级的威胁仍旧存在。 来自辞典例句
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。 来自辞典例句

36 clique   

n.朋党派系，小集团

参考例句：

• The reactionary ruling clique was torn by internal strife.反动统治集团内部勾心斗角，四分五裂。
• If the renegade clique of that country were in power,it would have meant serious disaster for the people.如果那个国家的叛徒集团一得势，人民就要遭殃。

37 onus   

n.负担；责任

参考例句：

• The onus is on government departments to show cause why information cannot bedisclosed.政府部门有责任说明不能把信息公开的理由。
• The onus of proof lies with you.你有责任提供证据。

38 precipitate   

adj.突如其来的；vt.使突然发生；n.沉淀物

参考例句：

• I don't think we should make precipitate decisions.我认为我们不应该贸然作出决定。
• The king was too precipitate in declaring war.国王在宣战一事上过于轻率。

39 meddling   

v.干涉，干预（他人事务）( meddle的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• He denounced all "meddling" attempts to promote a negotiation. 他斥责了一切“干预”促成谈判的企图。 来自辞典例句
• They liked this field because it was never visited by meddling strangers. 她们喜欢这块田野，因为好事的陌生人从来不到那里去。 来自辞典例句

40 brink   

n.(悬崖、河流等的)边缘，边沿

参考例句：

• The tree grew on the brink of the cliff.那棵树生长在峭壁的边缘。
• The two countries were poised on the brink of war.这两个国家处于交战的边缘。