2022年经济学人 美联储收紧货币 股市经历震荡

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

Stockmarkets endured another punishing stretch, as investors¹ fretted² about the Federal Reserve’s aggressive moves to tighten³ policy, high inflation and slowing growth.

由于投资者对美联储收紧政策、高通胀和增长放缓的激进举措感到担忧，股市又经历了一段痛苦的时期。

After its longest weekly losing streak⁴ since 2011 the S&P 500 closed below the 4,000 mark for the first time in 14 months.

标准普尔500指数见证了2011年以来最长单周连跌，14个月来首次收盘跌破4000点关口。

The Nasdaq Composite plummeted⁵ to its lowest finish since November 2020.

纳斯达克综合指数暴跌至2020年11月以来的最低水平。

Apple’s share price dropped by 12% over five days.

苹果的股价在5天内下跌了12%。

The sell-off extended to stocks in Europe and Asia.

抛售波及欧洲和亚洲股市。

Cryptocurrencies took a pummelling amid the commotion⁶, as investors pulled back from speculative⁷ assets.

随着投资者撤出投机性资产，加密货币在动荡中遭受重创。

Bitcoin shed 30% of its value over a week.

比特币在一周内贬值了30%。

Coinbase, the biggest crypto-exchange in America, lost more than 2m users in the second quarter, a fifth of its customer base.

美国最大的加密货币交易所Coinbase在第二季度失去了超过200万用户，占其客户群的五分之一。

America’s annual rate of inflation as measured by the consumer-price index fell to 8.3% in April, from 8.5% in March, the first drop in eight months.

根据消费者价格指数衡量，美国的年度通货膨胀率从3月份的8.5%下降到4月份的8.3%，这是8个月来的首次下降。

But most economists⁸ had been expecting April’s figure to fall to 8.1%.

但大多数经济学家此前预计4月份的数据将降至8.1%。

Christine Lagarde, the president of the European Central Bank, gave the clearest signal yet that it will raise interest rates in July or September when she suggested that she expects such a move in the third quarter.

欧洲央行首席执行官克里斯蒂娜·拉加德给出了迄今为止最明确的信号，即欧洲央行将在7月或9月加息，当时，她表示预计第三季度会加息。

The bank has maintained a negative rate on its deposit facility since 2014.

自2014年以来，该行的存款利率一直维持在负值。

BlackRock, which two years ago warned about the risks of climate change to investments and pushed for green-friendly shareholder⁹ proposals at company meetings, said it would support proportionately fewer of them this year because they are not consistent with its clients’ interests.

两年前，贝莱德曾就气候变化对投资的风险发出警告，并在公司会议上推动环保股东提案。该公司表示，今年将相应地减少对这些提案的支持，因为它们不符合客户的利益。

The world’s biggest asset manager gave several reasons, including a regulatory change in America that has increased the number of proposals of “varying quality” and the impact of the war in Ukraine on energy markets.

这家全球最大的资产管理公司给出了几个原因，包括美国的一项监管改革增加了“不同质量”的提案数量，以及乌克兰战争对能源市场的影响。

And it won’t support shareholder votes that are intended to micromanage companies.

该公司也不会支持旨在对公司进行微观管理的股东投票。

FIFA, football’s global governing body, and Electronic Arts, a video-game publisher, announced an end to a three-decade deal by which FIFA lent its name to an annual series of games.

足球全球管理机构国际足联(FIFA)和电子游戏发行商艺电(Electronic Arts)宣布结束一项长达30年的协议，根据这项协议，国际足联将把自己的名字借给一个年度系列游戏。

The deal had brought in $150m a year for FIFA, making it the organisation’s biggest commercial venture besides the World Cup.

这笔交易每年为国际足联带来1.5亿美元的收入，使其成为该组织除世界杯外最大的商业投资。

SoftBank said its tech-focused investment funds posted a loss of￥3.7trn ($33bn) for the year ending March 31st, pushing the Japanese conglomerate¹⁰ to an overall annual loss of ￥1.7trn.

软银表示，在截至3月31日的财年中，其专注于科技的投资基金亏损3.7万亿日元(合330亿美元)，使这家日本企业集团的年度亏损总额达到1.7万亿日元。

The value of SoftBank’s stakes in companies such as Coupang, Didi Chuxing, DoorDash and Grab have plummeted over the year, as their share prices have tumbled.

随着Coupang、滴滴出行、DoorDash和Grab等公司的股价暴跌，软银在这些公司的持股价值在过去一年中大幅下跌。

1 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

2 fretted   

焦躁的，附有弦马的，腐蚀的

参考例句：

• The wind whistled through the twigs and fretted the occasional, dirty-looking crocuses. 寒风穿过枯枝，有时把发脏的藏红花吹刮跑了。 来自英汉文学
• The lady's fame for hitting the mark fretted him. 这位太太看问题深刻的名声在折磨着他。

3 tighten   

v.(使)变紧；(使)绷紧

参考例句：

• Turn the screw to the right to tighten it.向右转动螺钉把它拧紧。
• Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策，以避免通货膨胀。

4 streak   

n.条理，斑纹，倾向，少许，痕迹；v.加条纹，变成条纹，奔驰，快速移动

参考例句：

• The Indians used to streak their faces with paint.印第安人过去常用颜料在脸上涂条纹。
• Why did you streak the tree?你为什么在树上刻条纹？

5 plummeted   

v.垂直落下，骤然跌落( plummet的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Share prices plummeted to an all-time low. 股票价格暴跌到历史最低点。
• A plane plummeted to earth. 一架飞机一头栽向地面。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 commotion   

n.骚动，动乱

参考例句：

• They made a commotion by yelling at each other in the theatre.他们在剧院里相互争吵，引起了一阵骚乱。
• Suddenly the whole street was in commotion.突然间，整条街道变得一片混乱。

7 speculative   

adj.思索性的，暝想性的，推理的

参考例句：

• Much of our information is speculative.我们的许多信息是带推测性的。
• The report is highly speculative and should be ignored.那个报道推测的成分很大，不应理会。

8 economists   

n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
• Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 shareholder   

n.股东，股票持有人

参考例句：

• The account department have prepare a financial statement for the shareholder.财务部为股东准备了一份财务报表。
• A shareholder may transfer his shares in accordance with the law.股东持有的股份可以依法转让。

10 conglomerate   

n.综合商社，多元化集团公司

参考例句：

• The firm has been taken over by an American conglomerate.该公司已被美国一企业集团接管。
• An American conglomerate holds a major share in the company.一家美国的大联合企业持有该公司的大部分股份。