2022年经济学人 瑞士公司嘉能可承认在多国行贿

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The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

Glencore, a Swiss-based commodities company, resolved various long-standing corruption² allegations against it.

总部位于瑞士的大宗商品公司嘉能可解决了针对其的多项长期腐败指控问题。

In America it pleaded guilty to wide-ranging graft³ that the Justice Department described as “staggering”, involving hundreds of millions of dollars in bribes⁴ to officials in numerous countries, and to running a scheme to manipulate oil prices.

该公司在美国承认了被司法部形容为“惊人”的大范围贪污行为，包括向许多国家的官员行贿数亿美元，以及操纵石油价格的阴谋。

In Britain it indicated it would plead guilty to bribery⁵ connected with oil operations in five African countries.

该公司在英国表示会承认与五个非洲国家的石油业务有关的贿赂行为。

And in Brazil it is paying a fine for corrupt¹ payments to Petrobras, the state-controlled oil company.

该公司在巴西因向该国国有石油公司Petrobras行贿而被罚款。

Gary Nagle, who took over as chief executive last year from Ivan Glasenberg, on whose watch the wrongdoing took place, stressed that Glencore has taken significant steps to enhance its ethics⁶ and compliance⁷ programme.

去年接替伊万·格拉森伯格(不法行为发生在他的监督下)担任首席执行官的加里·纳格尔强调，嘉能可已采取重大措施加强道德、增强合规计划。

A surprise profit warning from Snap, the parent company of Snapchat, caused its share price to drop by more than 40%, and rattled⁸ investors⁹ in other tech companies, dragging down the stocks of Alphabet, Amazon, Apple and Meta among others.

Snapchat的母公司Snap发布了令人意外的盈利预警，导致其股价下跌超过40%，并令其他科技公司的投资者感到不安，Alphabet、亚马逊、苹果和Meta等公司的股价都受到拖累。

Snap blamed a range of issues, including high inflation.

Snap将此归咎于包括高通胀在内的一系列问题。

The latest earnings¹⁰ season revealed slower growth in online spending by advertisers across the whole tech sector¹¹.

最新财报季显示，整个科技行业的广告客户在线支出增长放缓。

Abercrombie & Fitch’s stock also swooned after it reported an unexpected quarterly loss.

Abercrombie & Fitch公布了意外的季度亏损后，其股价也大幅下跌。

Like other retailers¹², A&F is battling higher logistics costs and a build-up in its inventory¹³ amid the supply-chain crunch¹⁴, just as inflation bites and customers (already skinny at A&F) tighten¹⁵ their belts.

与其他零售商一样，在供应链紧张的情况下，A&F正在与物流成本上升和库存积压作斗争，而与此同时，通货膨胀加剧，消费者(A&F已经瘦骨嶙峋了)勒紧了裤腰带。

In Britain the share prices of leading oil-and-gas companies and electricity suppliers fell sharply ahead of an expected announcement of a windfall tax on the industry.

英国领先的石油和天然气公司与电力供应商的股票价格大幅下跌，因为预计将宣布对该行业征收暴利税。

South Korea’s central bank raised its main interest rate by a quarter of a percentage point, to 1.75%.

韩国中央银行将主要利率提高了0.25个百分点，达到1.75%。

New Zealand upped its rate by half a point, to 2%.

新西兰将利率上调了0.5个百分点，达到2%。

The rouble reached its highest level against the dollar in four years, and against the euro in five years.

卢布兑美元汇率达到四年来的最高水平，兑欧元汇率达到五年来的最高水平。

The Russian currency collapsed¹⁶ at the start of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, but has strengthened on the back of government capital controls to make it the world’s best performer so far this year.

在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之初，俄罗斯货币暴跌，但在政府资本管制的支持下走强，使其成为今年迄今全球表现最好的货币。

It has been boosted by the central bank raising interest rates, Russian exporters being ordered to convert 80% of their foreign currency into roubles, and Russia demanding payment for its energy supplies in roubles.

俄罗斯央行上调利率、俄罗斯出口商被要求将80%的外币兑换成卢布，俄罗斯要求用卢布支付其能源供应，这些因素都推高了卢布。

1 corrupt   

v.贿赂，收买；adj.腐败的，贪污的

参考例句：

• The newspaper alleged the mayor's corrupt practices.那家报纸断言市长有舞弊行为。
• This judge is corrupt.这个法官贪污。

2 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

3 graft   

n.移植，嫁接，艰苦工作，贪污；v.移植，嫁接

参考例句：

• I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.我马上就要接受手臂的皮肤移植手术。
• The minister became rich through graft.这位部长透过贪污受贿致富。

4 bribes   

n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏

5 bribery   

n.贿络行为，行贿，受贿

参考例句：

• FBI found out that the senator committed bribery.美国联邦调查局查明这个参议员有受贿行为。
• He was charged with bribery.他被指控受贿。

6 ethics   

n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准

参考例句：

• The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
• Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

7 compliance   

n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从

参考例句：

• I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
• She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。

8 rattled   

慌乱的，恼火的

参考例句：

• The truck jolted and rattled over the rough ground. 卡车嘎吱嘎吱地在凹凸不平的地面上颠簸而行。
• Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled. 每逢公共汽车经过这里，窗户都格格作响。

9 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

10 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

11 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

12 retailers   

零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• High street retailers reported a marked increase in sales before Christmas. 商业街的零售商报告说圣诞节前销售量显著提高。
• Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose. 零售商有为他们提供符合要求的货品的法定义务。

13 inventory   

n.详细目录，存货清单

参考例句：

• Some stores inventory their stock once a week.有些商店每周清点存货一次。
• We will need to call on our supplier to get more inventory.我们必须请供应商送来更多存货。

14 crunch   

n.关键时刻；艰难局面；v.发出碎裂声

参考例句：

• If it comes to the crunch they'll support us.关键时刻他们是会支持我们的。
• People who crunch nuts at the movies can be very annoying.看电影时嘎吱作声地嚼干果的人会使人十分讨厌。

15 tighten   

v.(使)变紧；(使)绷紧

参考例句：

• Turn the screw to the right to tighten it.向右转动螺钉把它拧紧。
• Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策，以避免通货膨胀。

16 collapsed   

adj.倒塌的

参考例句：

• Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
• The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。